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For P5, learners will outline clearly what is meant by the terms profitability, liquidity and efficiency. That description will include the meaning and relevance of each ratio. For M2, learners will identify the accounting ratios they will use to measure profitability, liquidity and efficiency and will calculate these accurately, based on the trading and profit and loss account and the balance sheet. The relevant accounting ratios from the previous year, or from another similar type of business ...

For M1, learners should comment on the cash flow, highlighting any problems that are evident, such as a shortage of cash as a result of costly capital expenditure in one month. For D1, learners will make appropriate recommendations to solve the cash flow problems, such as retiming large payments or arranging an overdraft. Learners should show awareness of the dangers and costs of poor financial planning.

For P4, learners will describe the purpose and use of the trading, profit and loss account and balance sheet. They will also explain how gross profit and net profit are calculated by indicating the kinds of income and expenditure that are included. Learners will be presented with a trading and profit and loss account and a balance sheet for a business organisation, which should be set out using the vertical style. Learners will label the ‘cost of goods sold’ section and the ‘overheads’ s...

The unit enables learners to explore the various types of information used in business organisations which will develop their understanding as the unit progresses. By discussing the variety of communication media available and drawing on their work experience or part-time employment, learners will gain a broad introduction to the study of business communication and information. Learners can then expand these ideas to consider the purpose and variety of sources of information.

For P5, learners need to explain the legal and ethical issues relating to the use of business information. Learners can use the same business, organisation or any other organisation, especially if it is difficult to obtain the necessary information. Learners need to try and obtain the business organisation’s policies on ethical issues in relation to business information and explain how that organisation complies with their legal obligations. For P6, for the same or any other business organisat...

For P2, learners need to present information using three different methods. This could be a verbal presentation combined with a report on the information they obtained. The information could be a financial report from a business which the learner could manipulate into a spreadsheet or chart. Alternative methods could include a web page and a leaflet. Learners can then submit the information, indicating the nature of its intended audience and its likely purpose. For P4, learners will evaluate ex...

Explain different types of business information, their sources and purposes. Analyse different types of business information and their sources

P3 relates to marketing research, how and why it is conducted by organisations and how it used to understand its customers, competitors and market environment. This research might apply to an overseas market where a UK firm has a limited foothold. Learners could highlight tastes and preferences which may be less than fully understood, as highlighted in the research carried out into European chocolate-eating habits by the Rowntree chocolate company prior to its takeover by the Nestlé Corporation

For P1, learners should describe the concept and principles covered in learning outcome 1. In P2, the learners should describe how the concept of the principles of marketing and the marketing mix are applied to the marketing of two products in two organisations. Learners should include an awareness of the limitations and constraints on marketing within the context of their chosen organisations. These might apply to promotion or to ways in which research activity is seen to overreach certain boun...

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