Unit 4 LAW04 Criminal Law or Tort, and Concepts of Law (LAW7162)
AQA
Here are the best resources to pass Unit 4 LAW04 Criminal Law or Tort, and Concepts of Law (LAW7162). Find Unit 4 LAW04 Criminal Law or Tort, and Concepts of Law (LAW7162) study guides, notes, assignments, and much more.
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Jacqueline Martin, Richard Wortley
8 documents
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AQA A LEVEL LAW PAPER 2 2024 - QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME MERGED
AQA A LEVEL LAW PAPER 2 2024 - QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME MERGED. Fully legit.
ISK24
Other
Tort Law - defence to a negligence claim notes
PopularThis includes an in depth summary of defences to a negligence claim which is contributory negligence and volenti non fit injuria. It includes in depth summaries of both defences. It also includes the elements needed to succeed with volenti non fit injuria. It also includes cases for each element. Can easily be used to memorise to revise for exams.
malihawaheed
Other
AQA A-Level Law – Criminal Law Edition, 2026, AQA, A-Level Law, lecture and revision strategy guide
This document explains an A* revision and exam-technique approach for AQA A-Level Law, with particular focus on Criminal Law structures, case learning, scenario application, exam technique and repetitive active recall. It covers the author’s progression from As and Bs to an A*, including resource-building, flashcards, blurting, past-paper practice, handling forgotten information and avoiding common mistakes. The guide is based on the author’s experience sitting the May/June 2026 examinati...
phoebecurtisbots
Exam (elaborations)
Aqa Law Paper 1 Q9 Theory Model Answers
Teacher-checked and edited model AQA criminal law model answers for the Q9, applicable for every paper. The shorter answers at the end of the document are often paired together in the exam, hence why they are shorter. These model answers would achieve around 10/11 marks out of 15 in this notoriously difficult section of the exam and sufficiently deal with the different assessment objectives (Ao1, Ao2, and Ao3) required by the question as well as the NELs elements (Nature of the English Legal Sys...
tamzinbrown
Summary
Occupiers Liability Act 1984
Occupiers' Liability is a branch of negligence that deals with the duty of care owed by those who occupy land or premises to those who enter them. In the UK, this is governed by two separate statutes: the 1957 Act (for lawful visitors) and the 1984 Act (for trespassers). The core of any claim depends on identifying the Occupier (the person with "sufficient control" over the premises, per Wheat v E Lacon & Co) and the Premises (any fixed or moveable structure, including vessels, vehic...
alishasaunders
Summary
Occupiers Liability
Occupiers' Liability is a branch of negligence that deals with the duty of care owed by those who occupy land or premises to those who enter them. In the UK, this is governed by two separate statutes: the 1957 Act (for lawful visitors) and the 1984 Act (for trespassers). The core of any claim depends on identifying the Occupier (the person with "sufficient control" over the premises, per Wheat v E Lacon & Co) and the Premises (any fixed or moveable structure, including vessels, vehic...
alishasaunders
Summary
Economic Loss
In Tort Law, Economic Loss refers to financial damage. The law makes a very sharp distinction between Consequential Economic Loss (which is easy to claim) and Pure Economic Loss (which is generally restricted). The courts limit these claims to prevent "floodgates" of litigation where a single negligent act (like cutting a power cable) could lead to thousands of businesses claiming for lost profits.
alishasaunders
Summary
Psychiatric Injury
In Tort Law, Psychiatric Injury (also known as "nervous shock") refers to a diagnosed mental condition caused by a defendant's negligence. The courts are traditionally cautious here to avoid "floodgates" of litigation, so the rules are much stricter than for physical injuries. To claim, the condition must be a recognized psychiatric illness (e.g., PTSD, clinical depression). Mere grief, shock, or anxiety is not sufficient (Reilly v Merseyside RHA).
alishasaunders
Summary
Duty of Care
The Duty of Care is the first essential element of a negligence claim. It establishes a legal relationship between the defendant and the claimant, requiring the defendant to act with reasonable care to avoid causing harm. In A-Level Law, you must distinguish between "established duties" (where the law already recognizes a relationship) and "novel situations" (where the court must decide if a duty should exist).
alishasaunders
Summary
Damages
In Tort Law, Damages are the primary remedy aimed at restitution—putting the claimant back in the position they would have been in had the tort not occurred (Livingstone v Rawyards Coal Co). Unlike criminal fines, damages are compensatory, not punitive. The court divides damages into two main categories: Special Damages (calculable losses up to the date of trial) and General Damages (speculative losses looking into the future).
alishasaunders
Summary
Breach of Duty
In the law of Tort, Breach of Duty is the second element of the negligence test (Duty, Breach, Damage). It occurs when a defendant fails to act as a "reasonable person" would have in the same situation. This is an objective test, meaning the court does not care if the defendant did their "best"; they care if the defendant reached the standard of a competent person performing that task.
alishasaunders
Summary
Defences to Tort Claims
In general tort law (including Negligence and Private Nuisance), defendants can rely on several "General Defences." These are distinct from the specific statutory protections found in Occupiers' Liability, though they share the same underlying legal logic.
alishasaunders
Summary
Defences to Occupiers Liability
In Occupiers' Liability (governed by the 1957 Act for lawful visitors and the 1984 Act for trespassers), a defendant can avoid or reduce their liability by using several specific defences. Because this is a branch of negligence, the standard "tort" defences apply, but they have unique statutory twists.
alishasaunders
Summary
Case Directory
case directory
alishasaunders
Lecture notes
AQA/OCR A level notes law - Criminal
This is a document on notes surrounding a level law, criminal law on murder and loss of control explaining what the definitions and what will come up on exams
zoeyjallaly
Summary
Criminal law
Aqa a level law summary notes
louisemartin21
Summary
Criminal law
Aqa a level law - criminal law summary notes and booklet
louisemartin21
Lecture notes
Property Offences: Theft, Robbery and Burglary
This document contains note describing what you should include in questions where you need to talk about any of these property offences.
keyurmistry
Summary
Summary - Unit 4 LAW04 - Criminal Law (Offences against Property) or Tort, and Concepts of Law
An in-depth summary of all the key cases of tort law that need to be remembered for your law exam to give you extra marks. All the cases have a summary on what the case is used for.
sunshinepoppy
Summary
Vicarious Liability Summary Notes
These notes cover everything you need to know about Vicarious Liability in Tort Law. Written in a clear, bullet-point format with all key elements and case law explained simply. • Definition of vicarious liability • Tests for employment: control, integration, and economic reality • Key cases • The Salmond Test • Liability for intentional torts
ameliapettitt
Summary
Tort Law A Notes – All Key Cases & Topics Explained.
Tort & Criminal Law Revision Notes – A Standard | Case-Rich & Condensed This premium revision bundle contains clear, structured, and case-loaded notes covering key Tort and Criminal Law topics. Perfect for law students preparing for exams or coursework, each document is broken down into the essential elements, definitions, legal principles, and landmark cases with concise explanations to help you memorise fast and apply confidently. Including: - Negligence - Occupiers Liability - Pri...
ameliapettitt