UK POLITIC ESSAY

backbenchers - The supporters of the leaders of the political parties in the House of Commons are called the ____. Shadow P.M. and Shadow Cabinet - The _____ and the _____ are the leadership members of the largest opposition party in the House of Commons. Caretaker - When an election is called for the House of Commons, the Queen designates the current government to be a _____ government. P.M. and Cabinet - The frontbenchers of the majority party in the House of Commons are the ____ and th...

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5 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Evaluate how far the UK system of representative democracy remains in need of improvement. - ANS Where it is working well: + Free and fair voting; Parliamentary function sovereignty; participation FPTP strengths: +stability: only 2/6 GE's in 2010's have produced coalitions or hung Parliaments +MP direct link to constituent, quick (i.e. Newcastle central declared 60 mins after poll closed, 2017) BUT: - 2 party dominate (Maurice Duverger's law) i.e. UKIP 2015, 12.6% of vote, 1 seat - Wa...

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18 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Compulsory voting most effective way of improving democracy?-ANS Compulsory Voting -Higher participation means more legitimacy, more representative parliament, politicians have to cater to whole electorate Rebut- Authoritarian, votes likely to be meaningless and unconsidered (detrimental to democracy), tax on existence Bill of Rights -Protects civil liberties, Theresa May talking about getting rid of some HRA bits, protects democracy in the long term Rebut- Flexibility, Gun laws in Ameri...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Evaluate the extent to which direct democracy, rather than representative democracy should be used in the UK - ANS P1: Direct democracy should be used because it increases participation and engagement. For example, referendums are a form of direct democracy. There wasa 72.2% turnout for Brexit, compared to 68.7% for the 2017 election and the petition to revoke article 50 exceeded 5m signatures. CP: However, brexit is an exception to this, perhaps due to its more emotive, identity based natur...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Three different post-1997 constitutional changes - gg Three sources of the British constitution - Three principles of the British constitution - Three ways collective and individual rights conflict - Three theories of representation - Three stages in the legislative process - Three ways select committees are effective - Three ways Parliament scrutinises the executive - Three ways Parliament influences government decisions - Three ways ministerial code and individual ministerial ...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Name three piece of legislation from the government which took/will take away rights of people in the UK? - - Police, Crime and Sentencing Bill - Repeal of the Human Rights Act 1998 - Section 28 (PCSB - right to protest, right to assembly, right to association, freedom of speech) (HRA repeal - authorities decide who gets rights, lack of rights can be abused, challenging of rights made harder) (Section 28 (1986, repealed in 2003) - made any reference to LGBTQ+ in schools illegal - trickled...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Evaluate the extent that the actions of pressure groups have been significant in defending and protecting our rights-para 1: influence over government (7) - ANS -majority of pressure groups unlikely to exert influence if not in line with aims of gov / majority opinion of society - fails to enhance REPRESENTATIVE democracy -Eg. Countryside Alliance fails to prevent passage of 2004 Hunting Act - because their views not in line with dominant views in society -if a pressure group represents a ...

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21 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

INTRO - Changing factors Relative to time period, change in behaviour Once-class dominated, now a multitude of factors (interchanging, unpredictable results eg 2019 dec) Modern, complex and polarised times Not as simple as once thought Labour lowest seats since 1935 1. Two Party System vs Partisan Dealignment - SATORI-'uk is a clear example of a 2 party system SAM BEER-no point in measuring party cohesion Tribal politics (strong identification with party- 50% 1960) Also in Westminste...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Evaluate the view that the UK political system is no longer truly representative - intro - ANS Representative democracy - the electorate elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf, regular elections are a key feature, characterised by representative assemblies (parliament, councils, devolved assemblies), representatives are not delegates they express their own opinions Evaluate the view that the UK political system is no longer truly representative - Representative democracy - ...

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7 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

evaluate the view that constitutional reforms in the uk since 1997 have been weak, incomplete and require further change (3) - house of lords, human rights act 1998, devolution evaluate the claim that the uk constitutional should be codified (3) - flexibility, strong government, customs evaluate the view that the logical next step after devolution to scotland, wales and northern ireland is devolution of further power to england (2) - asymmetric devolution, local solutions evaluate the clai...

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2 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Bicameral legislature - A legislature with two houses, such as the U.S. Congress with the Senate and the House of Representatives Block grant - Federal money granted to states for broad purposes, allowing states to have more flexibility in how they use the funds Categorical grant - Federal money granted to states for specific and narrow purposes, with strict guidelines on how the funds should be used Centralists - Those who favor greater national authority over state authority, believing i...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Evaluate the extent to which direct democracy, rather than representative democracy should be used in the UK - P1: Direct democracy participation- direct democracy is better bc participation falling with representative democracy-2019- 67% compared to high turnout of 1979s, 76% in 1979- lowest 2001 counter point: -direct demo increases participation-there was a 72.2% turnout for Brexit- and engagement, but undermines the motivation- -Countries such as Switzerland shows frequent referendum...

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10 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

'Evaluate the extent to which the increased use of referendums would improve democracy in the UK'- Themes - direct democracy participation representation 'Evaluate the extent to which the increased use of referendums would improve democracy in the UK'- Judgement - large extent Direct Democracy - referendums purest form of democracy each vote is equal and none are wasted produce accurate reflection of wishes of the people gives gov decisions greater legitimacy and authority low turn...

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5 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Essay Plan: Referendums Get a hint Introduction - A referendum is a vote on a particular issue, usually requring a yes/no response, with many countries holding them to answer questions surrounding political issues, to solve any potential political conflicts and put into light the views of the electorate. Despite referendums being a good opportunity to garner public opinion on certain issues, to educate the public and ability to reduce the power of government, there are some issues behind i...

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3 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

The executive's most important role is proposing the budget' - how far do you agree? - Proposing budget most important - How government will utilise our money, makes largest difference - Reflection of priorities Proposing budget not most important - Proposing legislation is, leading to major changes - Making policy decisions is, changing future direction of country Royal prerogative powers the executive currently possesses should be abolished' - how far do you agree? - Powers historic...

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7 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Explain and analyse 3 sources of the UK constitution - ANS 1) Statue law. Explain: Laws created by parliament. AOP must be approved by HOC, HOL and monarchs. Example: GRA 1932, extended the franchise. Fixed term parli act 2011, est. 5 yrly elect. Analysis: Shows legislation enacted by parli is used as a source of the const. Although the FTPA was repealed it demonstrates the unentrenched nature of the UK const emph PS as a key principle underpinning uk const. 2) Common law Explain: laws de...

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22 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

9 MARKERS - GOVERNMENT AND UK POLITICS - ANS Explain and analyse three circumstances under which referendums have been held in the UK. - ANS P1 - TO FULFIL PLEDGES MADE BY PARTY MANIFESTOS E1 - Labour in 1997, promised to hold a referendum on a mayor of LONDON. 2015 Tories said they would hold an IN/OUT ref on the EU P2 - TO SATISFY TERMS OF AN AGREEMENT E2 - AV in 2011, Lib Dem/Coalition Agreement P3 - WHERE GOV ITSELF IS DIVIDED E3 - EU Referendum (2016) with parliament and other membe...

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15 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Evaluate the view that representative democracy is superior to direct democracy. (AGREE) - ANS Agree: - Protects against Tyranny of the Majority. - Practical - Allows politicians to become experts and protects the interests of minorities. Evaluate the view that representative democracy is superior to direct democracy. (DISAGREE) - ANS Disagree: - Can show will of the people on big constitutional decisions. - Can provide clarity on difficult issues. - MPs are often not representative of...

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11 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

Explain and analyse three different theories of representation - 1. Trustee (2013 vote on gay marriage) 2. Delegate (Tory MP zac goldsmith - 3rd Heathrow runway) 3. Mandate (in 2017 Tory manifesto they only fulfilled 175 out of 257 pledges) Explain and analyse three stages in the legislative process - 1. Second reading 2. Committee stage 3. Report stage Explain and analyse three perogative powers of the PM - 1. Patronage (rishi sunak appointment of chancellor of the exchequer) 2. Dispen...

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8 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen

2015 General Election turnout? (evidence for different elections turnout dropping thus showing participation crisis) - ANS 66.1% What percentage of potential voters voted conservative in 2015 General Election (evidence for different elections turnout dropping thus showing participation crisis) - ANS 24.4% European Parliament Elections 1959 turnout (evidence for different elections turnout dropping thus showing participation crisis) - ANS 23% Police and Crime Commissioner 2015 election (evi...

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26 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

jessyqueen