Summary AQA Psychology A-Level, Issues and Debates Revision Notes

Issues and Debates – Paper 3
AQA Psychology A-Level

Cultural Bias
 Culture: A key issue in psychology.
 Cultural Bias: A critical issue.
o Significance:
 Of a society.
The Issue of Culture
 The issue of culture is a critical issue.
 The issue of culture is a critical issue of a society.
 This point is repeated numerous times, emphasizing the importance of culture to society.
Free Will and Determinism
The Specific Action Taken
 The free will and determinism debate is a process.
 The process involves the public and private action of the public.
 The public and private action of the public is repeated extensively, suggesting this action is central to the free
will and determinism debate.
 The public and private action of the public: This is the central concept repeatedly emphasized. It appears to
encompass all actions, both those performed by individuals in their private lives and those undertaken by
public entities or individuals acting in a public capacity. The lecture chunk focuses solely on reiterating this
phrase, without further elaborating on the distinctions between "public" and "private" actions, or providing
any specific examples.
 Key Aspects (though unspecified in detail):
o Public Action: Actions undertaken by the government, public organizations, or individuals acting on
behalf of the public interest.
o Private Action: Actions undertaken by individuals or private entities for personal or organizational
gain.
 Implications (not addressed in this chunk):
o The intersection and interaction between public and private actions.
o The potential conflicts or synergies between these types of actions.
o The ethical considerations involved in both public and private actions.
o The legal frameworks governing both public and private actions.
 Note: This chunk only introduces the core phrase. Further elaboration and examples regarding the public and
private actions of the public are anticipated in subsequent segments.
 Public and Private Action of the Public: This appears to be the central concept. Without further context or
elaboration, it can be defined as follows:
o Definition: The collective actions of individuals, encompassing both their activities carried out within
the public sphere and those within the private sphere, considered as a unified phenomenon.
o Public Action: Actions undertaken by individuals or groups that have an impact on the wider
community or are subject to public scrutiny and regulation.
o Private Action: Actions undertaken by individuals within their personal lives or private organizations,
generally free from direct public intervention.
o Interrelation: The concept suggests a strong link and interdependence between public and private
actions. Private actions can have public consequences and public policy impacts private behavior.
o Public Impact: Every action, whether public or private, taken by individuals within a population,
contributes to the overall state of the "public." This includes social, economic, and political aspects.
o Examples (without specific context, assuming possible interpretations):
 Voting (Public): A public action with direct political consequence.
 Household Consumption (Private): While primarily private, aggregate consumption
patterns impact economic policy and resource allocation.
 Community Volunteering (Public/Private Mix): Primarily a private choice, but contributing
to a public good.
 Investment Decisions (Private): Aggregate investment decisions influence the overall
economy, a public concern.
 Education Choices (Private): Impact workforce development, and thus has public
implications
Public and Private Action of the Public and Non-Traffic Debate