samenvatting virologie (microbiologie)

Virologie

Inhoud
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Eigenschappen van virussen................................................................................................................................ 2
Classificatie van virussen ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Virusreplicatie...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Bestrijding............................................................................................................................................................ 5
Virus transmissie ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Herpes ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8
α-herpesvirussen ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Cytomegalovirus ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Epstein-Barr virus .............................................................................................................................................. 11
Influenza ................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Influenza A ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
Influenza B ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
HIV ......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Replicatiecyclus ................................................................................................................................................. 15
Transmissie ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
Klinische symptomen ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Diagnose ............................................................................................................................................................ 16
Behandeling ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
Rotavirus ................................................................................................................................................................ 18
Hepatitis ................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Picornaviridae .................................................................................................................................................... 19
Hepadnaviridae ................................................................................................................................................. 21
Flaviviridae......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Togaviridae ............................................................................................................................................................ 25
Coronaviridae ........................................................................................................................................................ 26
Adenoviridae ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Poxviridae .............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Paramyxoviridae .................................................................................................................................................... 27
Papillomaviridae .................................................................................................................................................... 29
Filoviridae .............................................................................................................................................................. 30
Rhabdoviridae ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
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,Inleiding
Eigenschappen van virussen
- Obligate intracellulaire moleculaire parasieten
- Infectieus
- Niet met lichtmicroscoop waarneembaar
- Genoom is ofwel DNA ofwel RNA (enkel of (partieel)dubbelstrengig, al dan niet gefragmenteerd)
- De meeste virussen veroorzaken, na inoculatie op celculturen, een typisch cytopathogeen effect (CPE)
- In tegenstelling tot bacteriën zijn virussen niet gevoelig aan antibiotica
- Bacterie ~1000nm en virus 25-100-300nm




Classificatie van virussen
Icosahedrale capsidestructuur
- 20 vlakken, 12 hoekpunten, 30 zijden
- Steeds 12 pentons, aantal hexons kan verschillen
- Adeno-, hepatitis A, poliovirus
Icosahedraal met enveloppe
- Herpes, HIV, gele koorts

Helicale capsidestructuur
- Geen gekende humane pathogenen
Helicaal met enveloppe
- Rabies, influenza, bof, mazelen virus

Complexe capsidestructuur
- (Bacteriofaag)
- Pokkenvirus
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,Baltimore classificatie:
DNA virussen: dubbelstrengig, enkelstrengig, partieel ds, circulair ds
RNA virussen: dubbelstrengig, enkelstrengig




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, Virusreplicatie
Binnendringen in gastheercel:
- In enveloppe: versmelten met
membraan
- Virus in membraan opgenomen
→ endosoom + lysosoom
→ nucleocapside vrij
- Naakt (nucleocapside)
→ opgenomen in endosoom naar GA




1. Receptor gemedieerde fusie/endocytose
2. Ontmanteling virus: opening capside
3. Synthese vroege eiwitten
Replicatie viraal genoom
Synthese late eiwitten
4. Assemblage nieuwe virions
5. Vrijzetten nieuwe virions: vrij in cytosol of budding




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