©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
AHN 577 - Final Test Study Guide
Anemia - Ans:✔✔-Reduction in one or more major RBC measurements or RBC count
Male: Hgb < 13.5 or Hct <41%
Female: Hgb < 12 or Hct <36%
Pernicious Anemia - Ans:✔✔-Caused by lack of intrinsic factors (IF) produced by parietal cells of the
gastric mucosa; prevent Vit B12 absorption and causes Vit B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia - Ans:✔✔-Deficient in hydrochloric acid or pancreatic enzymes causing
inability to metabolize Vit B12
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia - Ans:✔✔-↓RBCs and Hgb content caused by impaired production r/t ↓
serum folate
Anemia of Chronic Dz (ACD) - Ans:✔✔-1. Gradual onset anemia accompanied by:
• Chronic infection or inflammation
• Acute/Chronic immune activation (Rheumatoid arthritis)
• CKD &/or ESRD
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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
• Underlying malignancies
• ? Severe trauma, DM and advanced age
2. Reduction of RBC production by bone marrow d/t:
• Abnormal iron metabolism and reduced absorption from GI tract
• Inability to ↑ erythropoiesis in response to anemia
• Decreased in production of erythropoiesis
• Shortening of red cell life-span
Thalassemia - Ans:✔✔-Inherited disorder resulting in defective production of the globin portion of Hgb
Autoimmune disorder
Megaloblastic
Macrocytic
Normochromic - Ans:✔✔-Prenicious anemia indices
Megaloblastic & Macrocytic & normochromic - Ans:✔✔-Vit B12 Deficiency anemia
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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
Pernicious Anemia indices
Hypochromic & Microcytic - Ans:✔✔-Iron deficiency Anemia and Thalassemia indices
Normochromic & Normocytic sometimes Hypochromic & Mircrocytic - Ans:✔✔-Anemia of Chronic dz
(ACD)
Normochromic to hypochromic & Microcytic - Ans:✔✔-Thalassemia indices
Prevalence of Thalassemia - Ans:✔✔-Mediterranean, African, and Asian
Hgb - Ans:✔✔-Main component of RBC and the essential protein that combines w/ and transports O2 to
the body
Males: 13.5-18
Females: 12-16
Hct - Ans:✔✔-Measures % of volume of whole blood that is occupied by erythrocytes: the amount of
plasma to total RBC mass (RBC concentration)
Males: 40-54%
Females: 37-47%
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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
TIBC - Ans:✔✔-250-450
S. Iron - Ans:✔✔-50-150
MCV - Ans:✔✔-Average volume and size of individual erythrocytes.
MCV Levels - Ans:✔✔-Microcytic: <80
Normocytic: 80-100
Macrocytic: > 100
MCH - Ans:✔✔-Average amount and weight of Hgb contained in a single erythrocyte
26-34 pg
MCHC - Ans:✔✔-Average Hgb concentration or proportion of each RBC occupied by Hgb as a % (100 mL)
MCHC levels - Ans:✔✔-Hypochromic: < 32%
Normochromic: 32-36%
Hyperchromic: > 36%
Microcytic Disorders (MCV < 80) - Ans:✔✔-Iron deficiency anemia and Thalassemia
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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
AHN 577 - Final Test Study Guide
Anemia - Ans:✔✔-Reduction in one or more major RBC measurements or RBC count
Male: Hgb < 13.5 or Hct <41%
Female: Hgb < 12 or Hct <36%
Pernicious Anemia - Ans:✔✔-Caused by lack of intrinsic factors (IF) produced by parietal cells of the
gastric mucosa; prevent Vit B12 absorption and causes Vit B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia - Ans:✔✔-Deficient in hydrochloric acid or pancreatic enzymes causing
inability to metabolize Vit B12
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia - Ans:✔✔-↓RBCs and Hgb content caused by impaired production r/t ↓
serum folate
Anemia of Chronic Dz (ACD) - Ans:✔✔-1. Gradual onset anemia accompanied by:
• Chronic infection or inflammation
• Acute/Chronic immune activation (Rheumatoid arthritis)
• CKD &/or ESRD
Page 1/50
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
• Underlying malignancies
• ? Severe trauma, DM and advanced age
2. Reduction of RBC production by bone marrow d/t:
• Abnormal iron metabolism and reduced absorption from GI tract
• Inability to ↑ erythropoiesis in response to anemia
• Decreased in production of erythropoiesis
• Shortening of red cell life-span
Thalassemia - Ans:✔✔-Inherited disorder resulting in defective production of the globin portion of Hgb
Autoimmune disorder
Megaloblastic
Macrocytic
Normochromic - Ans:✔✔-Prenicious anemia indices
Megaloblastic & Macrocytic & normochromic - Ans:✔✔-Vit B12 Deficiency anemia
Page 2/50
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
Pernicious Anemia indices
Hypochromic & Microcytic - Ans:✔✔-Iron deficiency Anemia and Thalassemia indices
Normochromic & Normocytic sometimes Hypochromic & Mircrocytic - Ans:✔✔-Anemia of Chronic dz
(ACD)
Normochromic to hypochromic & Microcytic - Ans:✔✔-Thalassemia indices
Prevalence of Thalassemia - Ans:✔✔-Mediterranean, African, and Asian
Hgb - Ans:✔✔-Main component of RBC and the essential protein that combines w/ and transports O2 to
the body
Males: 13.5-18
Females: 12-16
Hct - Ans:✔✔-Measures % of volume of whole blood that is occupied by erythrocytes: the amount of
plasma to total RBC mass (RBC concentration)
Males: 40-54%
Females: 37-47%
Page 3/50
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
TIBC - Ans:✔✔-250-450
S. Iron - Ans:✔✔-50-150
MCV - Ans:✔✔-Average volume and size of individual erythrocytes.
MCV Levels - Ans:✔✔-Microcytic: <80
Normocytic: 80-100
Macrocytic: > 100
MCH - Ans:✔✔-Average amount and weight of Hgb contained in a single erythrocyte
26-34 pg
MCHC - Ans:✔✔-Average Hgb concentration or proportion of each RBC occupied by Hgb as a % (100 mL)
MCHC levels - Ans:✔✔-Hypochromic: < 32%
Normochromic: 32-36%
Hyperchromic: > 36%
Microcytic Disorders (MCV < 80) - Ans:✔✔-Iron deficiency anemia and Thalassemia
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