DEFINITIONS OF ABNORMALITY
Jahoda: criteria for ideal mental health
PHOBIAS
Mowrer: proposed the two-process model
Wolpe: one trial learning explains onset of phobias
Watson & Raynor: Little Albert study
Wolpe: developed systematic desensitisation, believed two opposing
emotions cannot occur at once
OCD
Lewis: 37% of patients had parents with OCD, 21% had siblings with OCD
Cromer et al: over half the patients in their sample had a traumatic event
in their past - environmental stressor
Insel: SSRIs are effective in 50% of cases
Rapport et al: surgery disconnecting the basal ganglia from the frontal
cortex brings relief in severe OCD cases
Aylward et al: no significant difference between basal ganglia structure of
sufferers and non-sufferers
Sousa et al: compared effectiveness of CBT and drug treatments,
symptoms reduced in 44% of CBT patients compared to 28% symptom
reduction for those taking sertraline
DEPRESSION
Beck: cognitive theory, 3 parts to cognitive vulnerability: faulty
information processing, negative self-schemas, the negative triad -
investigates the reality of these negative beliefs in CBT
Ellis: ABC model, activating event triggers irrational beliefs which have an
emotional and behavioural consequence - adopts rational emotional
behaviour therapy (REBT) which uses an ABCDE model (dispute irrational
thoughts and produce an effect)
Jahoda: criteria for ideal mental health
PHOBIAS
Mowrer: proposed the two-process model
Wolpe: one trial learning explains onset of phobias
Watson & Raynor: Little Albert study
Wolpe: developed systematic desensitisation, believed two opposing
emotions cannot occur at once
OCD
Lewis: 37% of patients had parents with OCD, 21% had siblings with OCD
Cromer et al: over half the patients in their sample had a traumatic event
in their past - environmental stressor
Insel: SSRIs are effective in 50% of cases
Rapport et al: surgery disconnecting the basal ganglia from the frontal
cortex brings relief in severe OCD cases
Aylward et al: no significant difference between basal ganglia structure of
sufferers and non-sufferers
Sousa et al: compared effectiveness of CBT and drug treatments,
symptoms reduced in 44% of CBT patients compared to 28% symptom
reduction for those taking sertraline
DEPRESSION
Beck: cognitive theory, 3 parts to cognitive vulnerability: faulty
information processing, negative self-schemas, the negative triad -
investigates the reality of these negative beliefs in CBT
Ellis: ABC model, activating event triggers irrational beliefs which have an
emotional and behavioural consequence - adopts rational emotional
behaviour therapy (REBT) which uses an ABCDE model (dispute irrational
thoughts and produce an effect)
