a)
3.5 mill ethnic Germans
natural resources (iron, coal, industry, lebensraum)
Britain largest tank factory – Skoda works
Churchill’s views Base to launch attack on the rest of the Czechs
b)
Czech Crisis 1938
Czechs had a well-trained & equipped army of @
a) Reasons Hitler wanted the least 35 divisions who were determined to fight if
Sudetenland [4] necessary
strong defences built on mountainous land.
b) Reasons Hitler might not attack [3]
Had military alliances w France & Russia was
expected to help since Czechoslovakia was between
Russia & Germany.
a) The policy that Chamberlain adopted after 1937
where he made concessions to Nazi Germany’s
Britain ‘reasonable demands’ to avoid war.
b)
Churchill’s views Saw German rearmament as a threat, esp their
Appeasement developing of air power.
a) Define appeasement [1] Worried that reintro of conscription was a sign of
the revival of German militarism.
b) Churchill’s views of events after 1933 Anglo-German Naval Treaty 1935 = a sign of
[4] weakness
GB was short sighted to fall out w Mussolini b/c he
was an opponent of Hitler.
a)
Large scale rearmament, esp the RAF, to deter Hitler. Incl more
investment in new tech such as RADAR.
Britain Build a ‘Grand Alliance’ w France, USA, & the USSR.
Support Czechoslovakia militarily.
Churchill’s views b)
Czech Crisis 1938
Allowing Hitler to take the Sudetenland would strengthen him.
GB would lose the support of a large & well-trained Czech army.
a) Churchill’s alternatives to Refusing to help showed moral weakness & cowardice.
c)
appeasement [3] GB didn’t have the finances to re-arm (still recovering from the
Great Depression)
b) Reasons the alts were good [3] USA had a policy of isolationism & the USSR was unlikely to ally w
c) Reasons the alts were unrealistic [3] the GB b/c of conflicting ideologies (plus their officer ranks had
been pruged)
There was no practical way for GB troops to reach
Czechoslovakia.
GB would have struggled to wage war.
o It would have been imp to fight Germany, Italy, & Japan all @
once.
o No military alliances had been made & the possibility of a Grand
Britain o
Alliance was slim.
GB was economically weak from the Great Depression -
Churchill’s views appeasement would allow time to build defences & recover
economically.
Appeasement Public opinion in the GB & Empire was against war – Oxford Union voted
against fighting for King & country.
Why did Churchill gain little support for Conservatives saw Hitler as a defence against the USSR.
Most of Hitler’s actions so far seemed reasonable.
his views abt appeasement? o Rhineland was originally German land
o Anschluss – Austria was ethnically Germany & there was little
[14] protest w/in Austria.
o Sudetenland – 3.5mill ethnic Germans
o Treaty of Versailles was v harsh.
Churchill was seen as hypocritical – he had initiated the 10 yr rule in 1919
& renewed it.
, Churchill’s worries abt German air power so early seemed alarmist.
Many white GB colonies had been granted dominion
status before WWI.
A big part of the GB forces during WWI were Indian
soldiers (>1mill) so India felt they deserved some sort of
Churchill’s views reward (i.e. independence).
India & empire When it became clear that India wouldn’t get
independence from GB initiative alone, opposition incr.
Reasons for Indian independence Gandhi’s method of non-violent protest meant GB
[5] couldn’t respond violently w/o appearing tyrannical.
1930 Salt march – 240 mile march to the sea in protest
against the salt tax (60 000 ppl jailed) had lots of
publicity & incr support for Indian independence in the
GB.
a)
Churchill saw Edward VIII as a personal friend & felt he should
stay loyal to the King.
b)
Edward VIII was the head of the CofE, which was against divorce
Churchill’s views (Wallis Simpson was a 2x US divorcee) – lost support from ppl
The abdication crisis
who were deeply religious.
If Edward VIII married, the gov, being ignored, would abdicate,
Evidence that Churchill’s view triggering a general election @ a bad time (late 1936).
The dominions (e.g. Austria) might have broken away from the
a) was justified [1] empire if Edward VIII married.
@ one of Churchill’s speeches supporting Edward VIII, he was met
b) damaged his rep [6] with shouts to sit back down from all sides of the house.
Churchill once again supporting an unpop opinion made ppl take
him less seriously & reminded ppl of his past controversies.
Reinforced the expectation that Churchill would go against the
majority when making gov policies.
Churchill once again supporting an unpop opinion made ppl
take him less seriously & reminded ppl of his past
controversies.
Reinforced the expectation that Churchill would go against the
majority when making gov policies.
Churchill’s views By making 68 speeches during his campaign against India’s
independence, he weakened his rep as a great orator.
India & empire o Was described as ‘a parliamentary bore’.
Evidence that Churchill’s view damaged Churchill alienated his colleagues (incl. Baldwin) so his
colleagues were less willing to welcome him back.
his reputation: Coincided w the 1935 by-election where Randolph (Churchill’s
[7] son) stood as a candidate on the Anti-India Home Rule &
Rearmament platform & lost. Embarrassed Churchill even
more.
Spoke @ a meeting of the Indian Empire Society on Dec 1930,
which isolated Churchill even more b/c the IES wasn’t
representative of the general GB view.
3.5 mill ethnic Germans
natural resources (iron, coal, industry, lebensraum)
Britain largest tank factory – Skoda works
Churchill’s views Base to launch attack on the rest of the Czechs
b)
Czech Crisis 1938
Czechs had a well-trained & equipped army of @
a) Reasons Hitler wanted the least 35 divisions who were determined to fight if
Sudetenland [4] necessary
strong defences built on mountainous land.
b) Reasons Hitler might not attack [3]
Had military alliances w France & Russia was
expected to help since Czechoslovakia was between
Russia & Germany.
a) The policy that Chamberlain adopted after 1937
where he made concessions to Nazi Germany’s
Britain ‘reasonable demands’ to avoid war.
b)
Churchill’s views Saw German rearmament as a threat, esp their
Appeasement developing of air power.
a) Define appeasement [1] Worried that reintro of conscription was a sign of
the revival of German militarism.
b) Churchill’s views of events after 1933 Anglo-German Naval Treaty 1935 = a sign of
[4] weakness
GB was short sighted to fall out w Mussolini b/c he
was an opponent of Hitler.
a)
Large scale rearmament, esp the RAF, to deter Hitler. Incl more
investment in new tech such as RADAR.
Britain Build a ‘Grand Alliance’ w France, USA, & the USSR.
Support Czechoslovakia militarily.
Churchill’s views b)
Czech Crisis 1938
Allowing Hitler to take the Sudetenland would strengthen him.
GB would lose the support of a large & well-trained Czech army.
a) Churchill’s alternatives to Refusing to help showed moral weakness & cowardice.
c)
appeasement [3] GB didn’t have the finances to re-arm (still recovering from the
Great Depression)
b) Reasons the alts were good [3] USA had a policy of isolationism & the USSR was unlikely to ally w
c) Reasons the alts were unrealistic [3] the GB b/c of conflicting ideologies (plus their officer ranks had
been pruged)
There was no practical way for GB troops to reach
Czechoslovakia.
GB would have struggled to wage war.
o It would have been imp to fight Germany, Italy, & Japan all @
once.
o No military alliances had been made & the possibility of a Grand
Britain o
Alliance was slim.
GB was economically weak from the Great Depression -
Churchill’s views appeasement would allow time to build defences & recover
economically.
Appeasement Public opinion in the GB & Empire was against war – Oxford Union voted
against fighting for King & country.
Why did Churchill gain little support for Conservatives saw Hitler as a defence against the USSR.
Most of Hitler’s actions so far seemed reasonable.
his views abt appeasement? o Rhineland was originally German land
o Anschluss – Austria was ethnically Germany & there was little
[14] protest w/in Austria.
o Sudetenland – 3.5mill ethnic Germans
o Treaty of Versailles was v harsh.
Churchill was seen as hypocritical – he had initiated the 10 yr rule in 1919
& renewed it.
, Churchill’s worries abt German air power so early seemed alarmist.
Many white GB colonies had been granted dominion
status before WWI.
A big part of the GB forces during WWI were Indian
soldiers (>1mill) so India felt they deserved some sort of
Churchill’s views reward (i.e. independence).
India & empire When it became clear that India wouldn’t get
independence from GB initiative alone, opposition incr.
Reasons for Indian independence Gandhi’s method of non-violent protest meant GB
[5] couldn’t respond violently w/o appearing tyrannical.
1930 Salt march – 240 mile march to the sea in protest
against the salt tax (60 000 ppl jailed) had lots of
publicity & incr support for Indian independence in the
GB.
a)
Churchill saw Edward VIII as a personal friend & felt he should
stay loyal to the King.
b)
Edward VIII was the head of the CofE, which was against divorce
Churchill’s views (Wallis Simpson was a 2x US divorcee) – lost support from ppl
The abdication crisis
who were deeply religious.
If Edward VIII married, the gov, being ignored, would abdicate,
Evidence that Churchill’s view triggering a general election @ a bad time (late 1936).
The dominions (e.g. Austria) might have broken away from the
a) was justified [1] empire if Edward VIII married.
@ one of Churchill’s speeches supporting Edward VIII, he was met
b) damaged his rep [6] with shouts to sit back down from all sides of the house.
Churchill once again supporting an unpop opinion made ppl take
him less seriously & reminded ppl of his past controversies.
Reinforced the expectation that Churchill would go against the
majority when making gov policies.
Churchill once again supporting an unpop opinion made ppl
take him less seriously & reminded ppl of his past
controversies.
Reinforced the expectation that Churchill would go against the
majority when making gov policies.
Churchill’s views By making 68 speeches during his campaign against India’s
independence, he weakened his rep as a great orator.
India & empire o Was described as ‘a parliamentary bore’.
Evidence that Churchill’s view damaged Churchill alienated his colleagues (incl. Baldwin) so his
colleagues were less willing to welcome him back.
his reputation: Coincided w the 1935 by-election where Randolph (Churchill’s
[7] son) stood as a candidate on the Anti-India Home Rule &
Rearmament platform & lost. Embarrassed Churchill even
more.
Spoke @ a meeting of the Indian Empire Society on Dec 1930,
which isolated Churchill even more b/c the IES wasn’t
representative of the general GB view.
