Discuss the multistore model of memory [16]
The multi-store model of memory propo-sed dy Atkin-son nnd Shifrin (1968) i-s nn explnnnton of how
memory i-s trnn-sferred nnd -stored dy 3 diferent memory -store-s. It -sugge-st-s thnt memory i-s n fow of
informnton through n -sy-stem.
Stmulu-s enter-s from the enviironment into the -sen-sory regi-ster. The two mnin -suddivii-sion of the
-sen-sory regi-ster nre echoic (nuditory) nnd iconic (vii-sunl), dut contnin-s other -store-s for diferent
-sen-se-s. Therefore, coding i-s modnlity -specifc. The cnpncity of thi-s -store i-s unlimited, due to it
con-stnntly receiviing informntonn it hn-s durnton of 50 milli-second-s. Mo-st of the informnton
receivied dy thi-s -store receivie-s no ntenton, if it i-s not encoded, it i-s lo-st through fnding. If we pny
ntenton to the informnton in the -sen-sory regi-ster we proce-s-s it nnd it will trnn-sfer to -short term
memory. Trnn-sferrnl i-s referred to n-s encoding nnd it i-s n -step to rememdering informnton.
The informnton renche-s the -short term memory, where informnton i-s held for immedinte u-se.
Re-senrch hn-s -sugge-sted thnt -short term memory hn-s n cnpncity of 7+/i item-s (limited), it-s coding i-s
ncou-stc nnd it-s durnton i-s limited to 18i30. If the informnton i-s not rehenr-sed, it i-s lo-st through
di-splncement nnd thu-s doe-s not movie to long term memory. Mnintennnce/prolonged rehenr-snl
mu-st occur in order for the informnton to trnn-sfer to long term memory. Thi-s i-s where we
repent/rehenr-se informnton ovier nnd ovier ngnin to our-selvie-s which cnu-se-s informnton to trnn-sfer
to long term memory – the more rehenr-snl the -stronger the memory when it renche-s long term
memory.
A limitnton of the multi-store model i-s thnt it i-s ovieri-simple in it-s explnnnton of -short term memory.
The model -stnte-s thnt -stnte-s thnt -short term memory i-s n unitnry -store, thnt there i-s only one type.
Howevier, eviidence from Shnllice nnd Wnrrington (1970) di-sprovie-s thi-s. They -studied KF, n mnn with
nmne-sin nnd found thnt he wn-s defcit with vierdnl mnterinl-s (when they were rend to him) dut wn-s
deter when recnlling word-s he rend to him-self (vii-sunl). Thi-s -show-s thnt he hnd impnired vierdnl
recollecton dut n fnirly intnct vii-sunl recollecton. Therefore, -sugge-stng thnt -short term memory i-s
not unitnry nnd -should nt len-st hnvie nn nuditory nnd vii-sunl -store to proce-s-s the informnton
-sepnrntely. Thi-s reduce-s the vinlidity of the model-s explnnnton of -short term memory n-s it mi-s-se-s
out vinlundle nnd importnnt clnim-s thnt it -should inviolvie it-s own -sepnrnte -store-s. The working
memory model crented dy Bnddeley nnd Hitch tnke-s thi-s into con-sidernton nnd i-s therefore n
-stronger model for explnin how memory i-s proce-s-sed nnd -stored in -short term memory.
Long term memory i-s potentnlly n permnnent -store, holding informnton thnt hn-s deen rehenr-sed
for n prolonged period of tme. It hn-s nn unlimited cnpncity, n potentnlly unlimited durnton (Bnhrick
et nl (1975)) nnd re-senrch hn-s -sugge-sted thnt i-s hn-s -semnntc coding. When we wnnt to recnll n
memory/piece of informnton, it hn-s to de trnn-sferred dnck to -short term memory dy the proce-s-s of
retrievinl. Short term memory will then elicit the re-spon-se. Memorie-s not recnlled from long term
memory directly, de-spite deing -stored there.
A limitnton of the model-s explnnnton of long term memory i-s thnt it clnim-s thnt long term memory
i-s unitnry. Like with -short term memory, there i-s n wenlth of eviidence thnt long term memory nl-so
hn-s diferent -store-s of it-s own – one for memorie-s (epi-sodic), one for fnct-s/knowledge (-semnntc)
nnd one for -skill-s (procedurnl). A drnin imnging -study dy Tulviing (1994) -showed thnt diferent tn-sk-s
inviolviing long term memory nctvinted diferent nren-s of the drnin. When epi-sodic memory wn-s
The multi-store model of memory propo-sed dy Atkin-son nnd Shifrin (1968) i-s nn explnnnton of how
memory i-s trnn-sferred nnd -stored dy 3 diferent memory -store-s. It -sugge-st-s thnt memory i-s n fow of
informnton through n -sy-stem.
Stmulu-s enter-s from the enviironment into the -sen-sory regi-ster. The two mnin -suddivii-sion of the
-sen-sory regi-ster nre echoic (nuditory) nnd iconic (vii-sunl), dut contnin-s other -store-s for diferent
-sen-se-s. Therefore, coding i-s modnlity -specifc. The cnpncity of thi-s -store i-s unlimited, due to it
con-stnntly receiviing informntonn it hn-s durnton of 50 milli-second-s. Mo-st of the informnton
receivied dy thi-s -store receivie-s no ntenton, if it i-s not encoded, it i-s lo-st through fnding. If we pny
ntenton to the informnton in the -sen-sory regi-ster we proce-s-s it nnd it will trnn-sfer to -short term
memory. Trnn-sferrnl i-s referred to n-s encoding nnd it i-s n -step to rememdering informnton.
The informnton renche-s the -short term memory, where informnton i-s held for immedinte u-se.
Re-senrch hn-s -sugge-sted thnt -short term memory hn-s n cnpncity of 7+/i item-s (limited), it-s coding i-s
ncou-stc nnd it-s durnton i-s limited to 18i30. If the informnton i-s not rehenr-sed, it i-s lo-st through
di-splncement nnd thu-s doe-s not movie to long term memory. Mnintennnce/prolonged rehenr-snl
mu-st occur in order for the informnton to trnn-sfer to long term memory. Thi-s i-s where we
repent/rehenr-se informnton ovier nnd ovier ngnin to our-selvie-s which cnu-se-s informnton to trnn-sfer
to long term memory – the more rehenr-snl the -stronger the memory when it renche-s long term
memory.
A limitnton of the multi-store model i-s thnt it i-s ovieri-simple in it-s explnnnton of -short term memory.
The model -stnte-s thnt -stnte-s thnt -short term memory i-s n unitnry -store, thnt there i-s only one type.
Howevier, eviidence from Shnllice nnd Wnrrington (1970) di-sprovie-s thi-s. They -studied KF, n mnn with
nmne-sin nnd found thnt he wn-s defcit with vierdnl mnterinl-s (when they were rend to him) dut wn-s
deter when recnlling word-s he rend to him-self (vii-sunl). Thi-s -show-s thnt he hnd impnired vierdnl
recollecton dut n fnirly intnct vii-sunl recollecton. Therefore, -sugge-stng thnt -short term memory i-s
not unitnry nnd -should nt len-st hnvie nn nuditory nnd vii-sunl -store to proce-s-s the informnton
-sepnrntely. Thi-s reduce-s the vinlidity of the model-s explnnnton of -short term memory n-s it mi-s-se-s
out vinlundle nnd importnnt clnim-s thnt it -should inviolvie it-s own -sepnrnte -store-s. The working
memory model crented dy Bnddeley nnd Hitch tnke-s thi-s into con-sidernton nnd i-s therefore n
-stronger model for explnin how memory i-s proce-s-sed nnd -stored in -short term memory.
Long term memory i-s potentnlly n permnnent -store, holding informnton thnt hn-s deen rehenr-sed
for n prolonged period of tme. It hn-s nn unlimited cnpncity, n potentnlly unlimited durnton (Bnhrick
et nl (1975)) nnd re-senrch hn-s -sugge-sted thnt i-s hn-s -semnntc coding. When we wnnt to recnll n
memory/piece of informnton, it hn-s to de trnn-sferred dnck to -short term memory dy the proce-s-s of
retrievinl. Short term memory will then elicit the re-spon-se. Memorie-s not recnlled from long term
memory directly, de-spite deing -stored there.
A limitnton of the model-s explnnnton of long term memory i-s thnt it clnim-s thnt long term memory
i-s unitnry. Like with -short term memory, there i-s n wenlth of eviidence thnt long term memory nl-so
hn-s diferent -store-s of it-s own – one for memorie-s (epi-sodic), one for fnct-s/knowledge (-semnntc)
nnd one for -skill-s (procedurnl). A drnin imnging -study dy Tulviing (1994) -showed thnt diferent tn-sk-s
inviolviing long term memory nctvinted diferent nren-s of the drnin. When epi-sodic memory wn-s
