The Control of Gene Expression summary notes

The Control of
Gene Expression
Introduction
● Gene Expression:
● The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a
functional product, typically a protein or RNA molecule.
● Importance:
● Essential for the development, growth, and functioning of organisms.


DNA Structure and Function

Central Dogma
● DNA to RNA to Protein:
● DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into a protein.
● Transcription:
● RNA polymerase synthesises mRNA from a DNA template.
● Translation:
● Ribosomes read the mRNA sequence to assemble a protein.

Genetic Code
● Codons:
● Three-nucleotide sequences on mRNA that code for specific amino
acids.
● Start and Stop Codons:
● AUG initiates translation; UAA, UAG, and UGA signal the end.


Regulation of Transcription