PSY 515 Final Exam 2023 Solved Correctly
Sir Francis Bacon (Skinner's hero) advocated what?
an inductive approach to knowledge where general principles are derived from
numerous obserations
historical context of Descartes's time
- gradual erosion of the authority of the church
What did Descartes believe about the way to truth?
through the use of one's innate reasoning powers
What was Descartes's first rule of method in "Discourse on Method"?
recognize truth as only something that cannot be rationally doubted
Descartes is described as
- a believer in mind-body interactionism
- a rationalist
- a believer in innate ideas
innate idea vs. derived idea
John Locke was a _______ who said that ideas derive from ________ and
_________.
British empiricist; sensation' reflection
petite perception
- Leibniz
- perception below the level of awareness
George Berkley argues that
depth perception is the result of our experiences with objects that are a different
distances from us
David Hume's three laws of association
1) resemblance
2) cause-effect relations
3) contiguity
Hartley's vibrations
- miniature vibrations
- vibrations
John Stuart Mill's methods of agreement and difference
What was JSM's philosophy based on?
chemical instead of mechanical processes (his dad James Mill philosophy was
mechanical)
According to Whytt
habits are actions that start as voluntary, but eventually become more like reflexes
What is the Bell-Magendie law?
the posterior root controls sensation while the anterior root controls motion
According to the doctrine of the specific energies of nerves,
- we are directly aware of our nervous system, not of the external world
- if a single stimulus affects two different types of sensory nerves, the result will be two
different types of sensation
- if two different types of stimuli affect a single type of sensory nerve, the result will be a
single type of sensation
, Helmholtz's demonstration of the speed of a nervous impulse
led eventually to the development of reaction time as an important research method
Young and Helmholtz had what in common?
they both mixed red, green, and blue to match any color
What did Hering's opponent-process theory explain better than Young-Helmholtz
theory?
color afterimages
Helmholtz criticized what bodily organ?
the eye and its structure
Helmholtz's problem of perception
vision is quite good despite the eye's design flaws
According to Helmholtz, how do we know someone is approaching and not
getting bigger?
we make an unconscious inference
what did Gall and Spurzheim disagree on about phrenology?
Gall - faculties are inborn and fixed
Spurzheim - thought faculties could be shaped
Flourens's legacy
-argued that the brain operates as an integrated system
-phrenology's worst enemy
-cerebellum controls and coordinates movement
Sheerington discovered that synapses exist because of
his work on temporal and spatial summation
Lashley's principle of mass action
the ability to learn is directly proportional to the amount of brain damage
Fechner's most important contribution to psychology
quantification of the mind-body relaitonship
Wundt said that lab psych should study the
immediate conscious experience
mental event of discrimination =
discrimination RT - simple RT
Emil Kraeplin
-Wundt's attention ideas to thinking processes of schizophrenics
-dementia praecox and bipolar disorder
Cattell found individual differences in what?
reaction time
Muller's legacy
-helped invent memory drum
-studied retroactive inhibition
-most work replicated and extended work of others
Wundt believed what about the study of higher mental processes?
is important but cannot be controlled well enough to be studied in the lab
mental event of choice =
choice RT - discrimination RT
In Marbe's study, comparing weights was accompanied with
hesitation, doubts, and searching
Sir Francis Bacon (Skinner's hero) advocated what?
an inductive approach to knowledge where general principles are derived from
numerous obserations
historical context of Descartes's time
- gradual erosion of the authority of the church
What did Descartes believe about the way to truth?
through the use of one's innate reasoning powers
What was Descartes's first rule of method in "Discourse on Method"?
recognize truth as only something that cannot be rationally doubted
Descartes is described as
- a believer in mind-body interactionism
- a rationalist
- a believer in innate ideas
innate idea vs. derived idea
John Locke was a _______ who said that ideas derive from ________ and
_________.
British empiricist; sensation' reflection
petite perception
- Leibniz
- perception below the level of awareness
George Berkley argues that
depth perception is the result of our experiences with objects that are a different
distances from us
David Hume's three laws of association
1) resemblance
2) cause-effect relations
3) contiguity
Hartley's vibrations
- miniature vibrations
- vibrations
John Stuart Mill's methods of agreement and difference
What was JSM's philosophy based on?
chemical instead of mechanical processes (his dad James Mill philosophy was
mechanical)
According to Whytt
habits are actions that start as voluntary, but eventually become more like reflexes
What is the Bell-Magendie law?
the posterior root controls sensation while the anterior root controls motion
According to the doctrine of the specific energies of nerves,
- we are directly aware of our nervous system, not of the external world
- if a single stimulus affects two different types of sensory nerves, the result will be two
different types of sensation
- if two different types of stimuli affect a single type of sensory nerve, the result will be a
single type of sensation
, Helmholtz's demonstration of the speed of a nervous impulse
led eventually to the development of reaction time as an important research method
Young and Helmholtz had what in common?
they both mixed red, green, and blue to match any color
What did Hering's opponent-process theory explain better than Young-Helmholtz
theory?
color afterimages
Helmholtz criticized what bodily organ?
the eye and its structure
Helmholtz's problem of perception
vision is quite good despite the eye's design flaws
According to Helmholtz, how do we know someone is approaching and not
getting bigger?
we make an unconscious inference
what did Gall and Spurzheim disagree on about phrenology?
Gall - faculties are inborn and fixed
Spurzheim - thought faculties could be shaped
Flourens's legacy
-argued that the brain operates as an integrated system
-phrenology's worst enemy
-cerebellum controls and coordinates movement
Sheerington discovered that synapses exist because of
his work on temporal and spatial summation
Lashley's principle of mass action
the ability to learn is directly proportional to the amount of brain damage
Fechner's most important contribution to psychology
quantification of the mind-body relaitonship
Wundt said that lab psych should study the
immediate conscious experience
mental event of discrimination =
discrimination RT - simple RT
Emil Kraeplin
-Wundt's attention ideas to thinking processes of schizophrenics
-dementia praecox and bipolar disorder
Cattell found individual differences in what?
reaction time
Muller's legacy
-helped invent memory drum
-studied retroactive inhibition
-most work replicated and extended work of others
Wundt believed what about the study of higher mental processes?
is important but cannot be controlled well enough to be studied in the lab
mental event of choice =
choice RT - discrimination RT
In Marbe's study, comparing weights was accompanied with
hesitation, doubts, and searching
