Chapter
-
2 :
summary Notes
DNA☐ Deoxy ribonucleic acid formation -
condensation reactions
carries the bases
genetic information 1) base + sugar → nucleoside + Hit
2 chains ( helical coiled) 2) nucleotide + phosphate Purines are
a
polymer → nucleotide HLO larger adenine
: ^
t :
⑨ double
/
↳ its monomers are
nucleotides ring guanine
Mofo nucleotide
2 72
Immotile P-mnuwoh.de
→ →
PYRIMIN dines smaller
cytosine
:
-
Phosphate
①
_
◦ thymine
µ gingering
,pµµµµgµy
jF☐É
bond
, DNA double helix
/ deoxyribose nitrogenous phosphodiester backbone
-
pentose sugar organic base
↳
A T
}
gives stability
-
gym µ,
.
AMplimenraoy
bond It bonds between c. a
-
bases
( base pairing
↳ rule)
2- between A/T More 4G pairings
}
in
RDNA Ribonucleic acid 3- between CIG a DNA Arend makes ir more Noble
(
" "
slightly different ! interactive forces base
-
other tracking
ribose penrose sugar us deoxyribose penrose)
uracil base ( vs guanine) suited to its function ?
single chained molecule cut double) phosphodiester backbone :
protects genetic material within ( chemical ~
physical forces)
H bonds :
can be easily unzipped for replication
Semi -
conservative DNA Replication
DNA replication :
viral in cell division
Described as semi conservative because each
-
'
new
'
helix created contains 1 strand from the helix from which it was copied
1 only me 2
enzyme ,
/
① @ origin ③
/
,
DNA helicase causes 2 strands to split DNA
polymerase joins the tree nucleotides together to join the 2 strands
↳ ↳
¥ ¥1
breaks H bonds between them wearing phosphodiester bonds wondersatin)
nai case
↓ .
② 2 strands unravel ,
leaving bars exposed
④
¥:÷i÷¥
↳
tree nucleotides bind row rhplimenrary bases all nucleotides join row Mplimenrary balls
DNA lipase forges H bonds between complimentary bases
proof of semi -
conservative replication
Tiperimenral evidence
HMEÉN /aÑmd→ newly
conserve built strand
bases
→
are
nitrogenous
→
when bacteria nitrogen from the medium they grow
grow they take
up
⑧ The DNA is extracted then placed in a special solution
/
, ,
of nitrogen 14N ( lighter) 15N ( heavier )
→
2 ↳ to be spun
isotopes
heavier sediments appear lower down in tube
→
centrifuge
:
process Geno bent ten 2
② Ñatteria ③ ÑÑ bacteria transferred "
④ bent bacteria
"'
① bacteria grown in N medium grown in 15N to N medium placed in 19N
⑤ ⑤
"N
② G-
all
'"
N Mix
an * µ mix
[control ]
↳
disproves conservative model ↳ disproves dispersive model because
% ntervative model :
original helix served as template for new one ↳ mix is created full 14N and mix is created
Old
dispersive model : hybrid / each strand contains new ^
C0NTlND
-
2 :
summary Notes
DNA☐ Deoxy ribonucleic acid formation -
condensation reactions
carries the bases
genetic information 1) base + sugar → nucleoside + Hit
2 chains ( helical coiled) 2) nucleotide + phosphate Purines are
a
polymer → nucleotide HLO larger adenine
: ^
t :
⑨ double
/
↳ its monomers are
nucleotides ring guanine
Mofo nucleotide
2 72
Immotile P-mnuwoh.de
→ →
PYRIMIN dines smaller
cytosine
:
-
Phosphate
①
_
◦ thymine
µ gingering
,pµµµµgµy
jF☐É
bond
, DNA double helix
/ deoxyribose nitrogenous phosphodiester backbone
-
pentose sugar organic base
↳
A T
}
gives stability
-
gym µ,
.
AMplimenraoy
bond It bonds between c. a
-
bases
( base pairing
↳ rule)
2- between A/T More 4G pairings
}
in
RDNA Ribonucleic acid 3- between CIG a DNA Arend makes ir more Noble
(
" "
slightly different ! interactive forces base
-
other tracking
ribose penrose sugar us deoxyribose penrose)
uracil base ( vs guanine) suited to its function ?
single chained molecule cut double) phosphodiester backbone :
protects genetic material within ( chemical ~
physical forces)
H bonds :
can be easily unzipped for replication
Semi -
conservative DNA Replication
DNA replication :
viral in cell division
Described as semi conservative because each
-
'
new
'
helix created contains 1 strand from the helix from which it was copied
1 only me 2
enzyme ,
/
① @ origin ③
/
,
DNA helicase causes 2 strands to split DNA
polymerase joins the tree nucleotides together to join the 2 strands
↳ ↳
¥ ¥1
breaks H bonds between them wearing phosphodiester bonds wondersatin)
nai case
↓ .
② 2 strands unravel ,
leaving bars exposed
④
¥:÷i÷¥
↳
tree nucleotides bind row rhplimenrary bases all nucleotides join row Mplimenrary balls
DNA lipase forges H bonds between complimentary bases
proof of semi -
conservative replication
Tiperimenral evidence
HMEÉN /aÑmd→ newly
conserve built strand
bases
→
are
nitrogenous
→
when bacteria nitrogen from the medium they grow
grow they take
up
⑧ The DNA is extracted then placed in a special solution
/
, ,
of nitrogen 14N ( lighter) 15N ( heavier )
→
2 ↳ to be spun
isotopes
heavier sediments appear lower down in tube
→
centrifuge
:
process Geno bent ten 2
② Ñatteria ③ ÑÑ bacteria transferred "
④ bent bacteria
"'
① bacteria grown in N medium grown in 15N to N medium placed in 19N
⑤ ⑤
"N
② G-
all
'"
N Mix
an * µ mix
[control ]
↳
disproves conservative model ↳ disproves dispersive model because
% ntervative model :
original helix served as template for new one ↳ mix is created full 14N and mix is created
Old
dispersive model : hybrid / each strand contains new ^
C0NTlND
