PARA 1
AGREE
Ethical costs = unpredictable + only arise once study in motion.
SIG. EXAMPLE = Milgram (1963) study of obedience
Deceived pps
Did not reveal true aims —> pps believed study was on learning + memory
Actually on obedience to authority
Deception can be justified as DC or SDB could have intervened w/ findings = invalid
E.g. pps may have proceeded to max 450 volts to ‘help’ researcher
Milgram knew this —> minimised ethical costs by ‘dehoaxing’ (debriefing) them at the end of study.
Reconciled pps with confederate (‘learner’).
Study = key to establishing importance of authority
Now understand influence authoritative people have on society —> should not abuse power
Pps asked to complete questionnaire at end —> some stated learnt something of a personal sig. +
further research like this should be conducted (clearly ethical costs were not LT)
, PARA 2
Supporting evidence —> vague nature of ethical guideline ‘deception’
Ethical guidelines say avoid deception BUT it’s okay as to deceive pps so long as you
debrief them (inform them of their actual role + the aims).
Highlights you can deceive them (acceptable to do so).
Supports Milgram —> he did all he could to minimise ethical costs as he debriefed his
pps (similar to other researchers in the field).
AGREE
Ethical costs = unpredictable + only arise once study in motion.
SIG. EXAMPLE = Milgram (1963) study of obedience
Deceived pps
Did not reveal true aims —> pps believed study was on learning + memory
Actually on obedience to authority
Deception can be justified as DC or SDB could have intervened w/ findings = invalid
E.g. pps may have proceeded to max 450 volts to ‘help’ researcher
Milgram knew this —> minimised ethical costs by ‘dehoaxing’ (debriefing) them at the end of study.
Reconciled pps with confederate (‘learner’).
Study = key to establishing importance of authority
Now understand influence authoritative people have on society —> should not abuse power
Pps asked to complete questionnaire at end —> some stated learnt something of a personal sig. +
further research like this should be conducted (clearly ethical costs were not LT)
, PARA 2
Supporting evidence —> vague nature of ethical guideline ‘deception’
Ethical guidelines say avoid deception BUT it’s okay as to deceive pps so long as you
debrief them (inform them of their actual role + the aims).
Highlights you can deceive them (acceptable to do so).
Supports Milgram —> he did all he could to minimise ethical costs as he debriefed his
pps (similar to other researchers in the field).
