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Observations summary

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2022/2023 Written for academic year
Institution AQA
Module Research Methods
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Quick summary of observation in Psychology that I have been taught, really good for making flashcards or any other sort of revision you may need for your A levels.

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Observation

When a researcher watches or listens to participants engaging in whatever behaviour is
being studied without interfering in anyway.



Naturalistic - An observation carried out in an everyday setting, in which the researcher does
not interfere in any way.

STRENGTHS
High ecological validity - naturally occurring behaviour in a natural setting

More insight in behaviour - natural behaviour

LIMITATIONS
Cannot be replicated - less reliable as there is less control of variables




Controlled - Behaviour is observed but under conditions where variables are manipulated.

STRENGTHS
High control of extraneous variables - replicated

LIMITATIONS
Low ecological validity - artificial setting




Overt - Participants are aware that their behaviour is being studied.

STRENGTHS
Ethical - informed consent is involved

LIMITATIONS
Demand characteristics - participants know they are being observed




Covert - Participants do not know they are being observed.

STRENGTHS
No demand characteristics

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Study Level
A/AS Level
Subject
Psychology
Uploaded on
July 5, 2023
Number of pages
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Written in
2022/2023
Type
Summary
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