ATP
It's the immediate source of energy in a cell.
Energy is released from glucose and the glucose is used to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
It's made from the nucleotide base adenine, combined with ribose sugar and 3 phosphate
groups.
Once made ATP diffuses into a cell and energy is stored in high energy bonds between the
phosphate groups - the energy is released by hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis:
ATP + WATER - (ATP HYDROLASE) - ADP + Pi + ENERGY
The hydrolysis reaction produces adenosine diphosphate and an inorganic phosphate molecule
which is not attached to any carbon molecule.
ATP provides energy for active transport, muscle contraction and formation of large molecules
(proteins).
The ADP and phosphate are then recycled back to ATP which occurs during respiration and
photosynthesis and respiration in plants.
This condensation reaction is called a phosphorylation reaction because a phosphate is added
back to ADP. The reaction is catalysed by ATP synthase.
Condensation Reaction:
ADP + P1 + ENERGY - (ATP SYNTHASE) - ATP + WATER
Why is ATP used?
Energy is released in small manageable amounts so it isn't wasted.
ATP is small and soluble so can easily enter the cell and move through membranes, and be
transported around.
ATP can be broken down through a single step (only one bond is broken).
It can pass out of the cells and allows the cell to have an immediate source of energy.
ATP can transfer energy to another molecule by transferring its phosphate groups.
Only one enzyme is required.
It is easily reversible
Uses of ATP?
Secretion
Active transport
It's the immediate source of energy in a cell.
Energy is released from glucose and the glucose is used to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
It's made from the nucleotide base adenine, combined with ribose sugar and 3 phosphate
groups.
Once made ATP diffuses into a cell and energy is stored in high energy bonds between the
phosphate groups - the energy is released by hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis:
ATP + WATER - (ATP HYDROLASE) - ADP + Pi + ENERGY
The hydrolysis reaction produces adenosine diphosphate and an inorganic phosphate molecule
which is not attached to any carbon molecule.
ATP provides energy for active transport, muscle contraction and formation of large molecules
(proteins).
The ADP and phosphate are then recycled back to ATP which occurs during respiration and
photosynthesis and respiration in plants.
This condensation reaction is called a phosphorylation reaction because a phosphate is added
back to ADP. The reaction is catalysed by ATP synthase.
Condensation Reaction:
ADP + P1 + ENERGY - (ATP SYNTHASE) - ATP + WATER
Why is ATP used?
Energy is released in small manageable amounts so it isn't wasted.
ATP is small and soluble so can easily enter the cell and move through membranes, and be
transported around.
ATP can be broken down through a single step (only one bond is broken).
It can pass out of the cells and allows the cell to have an immediate source of energy.
ATP can transfer energy to another molecule by transferring its phosphate groups.
Only one enzyme is required.
It is easily reversible
Uses of ATP?
Secretion
Active transport
