AP Gov

AP Gov Exam Study Guide Question and Answer 2023. Charles Beard's theory of the Constitution Correct Answer: believed the Constitution was written in favor of the wealthy classes (land owners) Federalist no. 10 Correct Answer: part of a collection of essays promoting ratification of the Constitution; written by James Madison, addresses the question of how to guard against factions-argued that a strong, big republic would be a better guard against those dangers Federalist no. 51 Correct Answer: art of a collection of essays promoting ratification of the Constitution; written by James Madison, addresses means by which appropriate checks and balances can be created in government and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government Marbury v. Madison Correct Answer: established the practice of judicial review McCulloch v. Maryland Correct Answer: established two important principles in constitutional law: the Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government, and state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government. Divided government Correct Answer: Governance divided between the parties, especially when one holds the presidency and the other controls one or both houses of Congress Federalism Correct Answer: separation of power between state and federal governments Mandate Correct Answer: a president's claim of broad public support Block grants Correct Answer: broad grants to states for prescribed activities, with only a few strings attached-states have greater flexibility Devolution Revolution Correct Answer: the effort to slow the growth of the federal government by returning many functions to the states AFDC (aid to families with dependent children) Correct Answer: federal guarantee of welfare checks for all eligible mothers and children TANF (temporary assistance to needy families) Correct Answer: welfare block grant to states; you can be on welfare for only a total of 5 years in your lifetime; must be actively looking for a job Lopez v. U.S. Correct Answer: (1995) the first United States Supreme Court case since the New Deal to set limits to Congress's power under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. Iron Triangle Correct Answer: a policy making alliance that involves very strong ties among a congressional committee, an interest group and a federal department or agency Issue Network Correct Answer: relationships among interest groups, congressional committees and subcommittees, and the government agencies that share a common policy concern PAC(political action committee) Correct Answer: the political arm on an interest group that is legally entitled to raise funds on a voluntary basis from members, stockholders, or employees to contribute funds to candidates or political parties Federal Election Campaign Act Correct Answer: (1971) limited amounts that candidates for federal office could spend on advertising, required disclosure of the sources of campaign funds and how they are spent, and required PACs to register with the government and report all major contributions and expenditures Buckley v. Valeo Correct Answer: allowed limitations on contributions and full and open disclosure of all fund-raising activities by candidates for federal office, as well as the system of public financing for presidential elections McCain-Feingold Act or BCRA (bipartisan campaign reform act) Correct Answer: banned party hard money, restored long standing prohibition on corporations and labor unions for using general treasury funds for electoral purposes, and narrowed the definition of issue advocacy Issue Advocacy Groups Correct Answer: promote a particular position or an issue paid for by interest groups or individuals but not candidates Soft money Correct Answer: contributions to a state or local party for party building purposes War Powers Act Correct Answer: (1973) intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of Congress Filibuster Correct Answer: a procedural practice in the Senate whereby a senator refuses to relinquish the floor and thereby delays proceedings and prevents a vote on a controversial issue