SUBSTANCE DUALISM
“Minds exist and are not identical to
bodies or to parts of bodies.”
, Notes:
INTRODUCTION:
Substance dualism (Descartes)
(Substance = individual entity), (Property = a way something is or can be)
Substance = entity/thing that does not depend on anything for its existence
(ontological independence)
- Possesses properties, cannot exist without substance
- Substance persists throughout changes in properties e.g. thinker can think of a
series of thoughts
Dualism = Mind is distinct from the physical
The mind and the body are distinct substances
“Minds exist (substances called minds) and they are not identical to bodies or parts of
bodies)”
World contains two different substances
1. Material/physical ones = human bodies and physical objects
2. Immaterial one
Each of us has a body which is a material substance, material = extended (taken up in space)
Each of us has an immaterial substance = response for mentality, essence of mind = thinking
*Essence = without which you cannot be that thing
Two fundamental kinds of substances = mental and physical
- Claims that minds do not depend on bodies, minds can exist separately without
bodies
- Mind & body is ontologically distinct and independent
- Interactionist theory
“Minds exist and are not identical to
bodies or to parts of bodies.”
, Notes:
INTRODUCTION:
Substance dualism (Descartes)
(Substance = individual entity), (Property = a way something is or can be)
Substance = entity/thing that does not depend on anything for its existence
(ontological independence)
- Possesses properties, cannot exist without substance
- Substance persists throughout changes in properties e.g. thinker can think of a
series of thoughts
Dualism = Mind is distinct from the physical
The mind and the body are distinct substances
“Minds exist (substances called minds) and they are not identical to bodies or parts of
bodies)”
World contains two different substances
1. Material/physical ones = human bodies and physical objects
2. Immaterial one
Each of us has a body which is a material substance, material = extended (taken up in space)
Each of us has an immaterial substance = response for mentality, essence of mind = thinking
*Essence = without which you cannot be that thing
Two fundamental kinds of substances = mental and physical
- Claims that minds do not depend on bodies, minds can exist separately without
bodies
- Mind & body is ontologically distinct and independent
- Interactionist theory
