Approaches in Psychology – MARK SCHEME
1 [AO3 = 3]
3 marks: Wundt’s role discussed in detail with clarity and coherence, and with appropriate
use of terminology.
2 marks: Wundt’s role discussed with some clarity and / or coherence.
1 mark: there is limited understanding of Wundt’s role in the development of psychology.
Candidates may focus on one point in detail or more than one point in less detail.
Possible discussion points:
first to open a laboratory designated to the scientific study of psychological enquiry
under controlled conditions facilitating accurate measurements and replication
focus was on trying to understand psychological processes of perception etc and
structuralism rather than philosophical or biological processes
he later recognised that higher mental processes were difficult to study using his
procedures and this encouraged others to look for more appropriate methods and
techniques, paving the way for approaches such as scanning
introspection still used today in areas such as therapy and studying emotional
states demonstrating its value as one way mental processes can be investigated
issues of determinism and predictability could be presented as a strength or
limitation.
Credit other relevant discussion.
[Total 3 marks]
2 [AO2 = 3]
3 marks: application to the stem explained with clarity and coherence.
2 marks: application to the stem explained with some clarity and/or coherence.
1 mark: there is some relevant application to the stem.
Possible application points:
Use a ‘token economy system’ with respect to litter-picking. Use of a positive
reinforcement strategy – for ‘x’ amount of litter, a reward of ‘y’ and exchange of ‘y’
for something pleasant the children will value.
direct primary reinforcement (e.g. deliberately rewarding children who pick up litter)
use of vicarious reinforcement (e.g. watching a film or seeing teacher deliberately
rewarding children who pick up litter).
Credit other relevant application (e.g. negative reinforcement, behaviour shaping).
[Total 3 marks]
1 [AO3 = 3]
3 marks: Wundt’s role discussed in detail with clarity and coherence, and with appropriate
use of terminology.
2 marks: Wundt’s role discussed with some clarity and / or coherence.
1 mark: there is limited understanding of Wundt’s role in the development of psychology.
Candidates may focus on one point in detail or more than one point in less detail.
Possible discussion points:
first to open a laboratory designated to the scientific study of psychological enquiry
under controlled conditions facilitating accurate measurements and replication
focus was on trying to understand psychological processes of perception etc and
structuralism rather than philosophical or biological processes
he later recognised that higher mental processes were difficult to study using his
procedures and this encouraged others to look for more appropriate methods and
techniques, paving the way for approaches such as scanning
introspection still used today in areas such as therapy and studying emotional
states demonstrating its value as one way mental processes can be investigated
issues of determinism and predictability could be presented as a strength or
limitation.
Credit other relevant discussion.
[Total 3 marks]
2 [AO2 = 3]
3 marks: application to the stem explained with clarity and coherence.
2 marks: application to the stem explained with some clarity and/or coherence.
1 mark: there is some relevant application to the stem.
Possible application points:
Use a ‘token economy system’ with respect to litter-picking. Use of a positive
reinforcement strategy – for ‘x’ amount of litter, a reward of ‘y’ and exchange of ‘y’
for something pleasant the children will value.
direct primary reinforcement (e.g. deliberately rewarding children who pick up litter)
use of vicarious reinforcement (e.g. watching a film or seeing teacher deliberately
rewarding children who pick up litter).
Credit other relevant application (e.g. negative reinforcement, behaviour shaping).
[Total 3 marks]
