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Terminology
Accent Geographical location, social class- how words are pronounced
Acquisition What you grew up with form a young age
Dialect The grammar you use (to do with region)
Euphemism treadmill Terms move around
Idiolect How you speak
Occupational jargon How you speak in a workplace
Pragmatics Underlying meanings behind what we say
Re-appropriation Taking a word and using is as a positive e.g. girls call themselves ‘bitches’
Slang Short language, informal
Sociolect How you speak in different social groups
Taboo Swear words, degree of swearing
Adjacency pairs Parallel expressions e.g. How are you?
Back channel Non-verbal utterance e.g. “uh”, “oh”
Contraction A reduced form often marked by an apostrophe in writing e.g. don’t
Deixis/deictics ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘here’ which refer backwards or forwards or outside a text
Discourse marker Used to signal a relationship and connections between utterances e.g. “first”
Elision The omission or slurring of one or more sounds e.g. wannabe
Ellipsis Omission of words and sounds e.g. “Goin’ out”
False start Begins a utterance, then stops and either repeats or reformulates it
Filler Create a pause or turn in conversation e.g. “like”, “er”, “um”
Hedge Words that soften or weaken the force of something e.g. “perhaps”, “maybe”
Paralinguistic features Use of gestures, facial expressions etc
Conversational utterances that have no concrete purpose or than to establish
Phatic talk
a conversation (small talk) e.g. “Cold, isn’t it?”
Prosodic features Includes features such as stress, rhythm, pitch- marks how something is said
Repairs Clarifying a previous contribution
Strings of words added to a declarative sentence to turn it into a sentence e.g.
Tag question
“It’s a bit expensive, isn’t it?”
Utterance A complete unit of talk, bounded by the speaker’s silence
ACCENT AND DIALECT
Terminology
Accent Geographical location, social class- how words are pronounced
Acquisition What you grew up with form a young age
Dialect The grammar you use (to do with region)
Euphemism treadmill Terms move around
Idiolect How you speak
Occupational jargon How you speak in a workplace
Pragmatics Underlying meanings behind what we say
Re-appropriation Taking a word and using is as a positive e.g. girls call themselves ‘bitches’
Slang Short language, informal
Sociolect How you speak in different social groups
Taboo Swear words, degree of swearing
Adjacency pairs Parallel expressions e.g. How are you?
Back channel Non-verbal utterance e.g. “uh”, “oh”
Contraction A reduced form often marked by an apostrophe in writing e.g. don’t
Deixis/deictics ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘here’ which refer backwards or forwards or outside a text
Discourse marker Used to signal a relationship and connections between utterances e.g. “first”
Elision The omission or slurring of one or more sounds e.g. wannabe
Ellipsis Omission of words and sounds e.g. “Goin’ out”
False start Begins a utterance, then stops and either repeats or reformulates it
Filler Create a pause or turn in conversation e.g. “like”, “er”, “um”
Hedge Words that soften or weaken the force of something e.g. “perhaps”, “maybe”
Paralinguistic features Use of gestures, facial expressions etc
Conversational utterances that have no concrete purpose or than to establish
Phatic talk
a conversation (small talk) e.g. “Cold, isn’t it?”
Prosodic features Includes features such as stress, rhythm, pitch- marks how something is said
Repairs Clarifying a previous contribution
Strings of words added to a declarative sentence to turn it into a sentence e.g.
Tag question
“It’s a bit expensive, isn’t it?”
Utterance A complete unit of talk, bounded by the speaker’s silence
ACCENT AND DIALECT
