Topic What you need AO1 – Key research AO3 - Evaluation
to know
Milgram p - UNETHICAL
A – to investigate how far people will go in obeying an e - they deceived the ppts and they didn't have the right to withdraw - ppts wanted to
authority figure stop but the experimenter was prodding them to carry on
P– d - however, they HAD TO DECIEVE in order to get the results they needed. They also
- Conf. was the learner and the ppts was the teacher gave a full debrief and showed the ppts that the confederate wasn't harmed in anyway.
- Learner was strapped to the chair but wasn’t In the follow-up questionnaire the ppts were given, 84% felt glad to have participated,
actually making the results more valid
- Teacher had to shock the learner every time he got a
question wrong p - GENDER BIAS
- Every time he was shocked his screams became e - only male ppts -> don't know if women would obey/act the same way
more dramatic d - CULTURAL BIAS - only carried out in America -> don't know if ppts in other countries
What is obedience?
- The shock went up to 450v will obey the same way as the ones in America, making the results less generalisable to
- The experimenter had to prod the ppt to tell him to people in other countries/cultures
Obedience to
continue and that he had no other choice
authority
F– p - it caused PSYCHOLOGICAL HARM
- 12.5% stopped at 300v e - in the qualitative data that was collected ppts showed signs of extreme tension -
- 65% went all the way to 450v many were seen to sweat, tremble, stutter, bite their lips, groan, dig their fingernails in
- Qualitative data was collected: their hands etc. and 3 ppts had full-blown uncontrollable seizures. Some ppts also felt
Ppts showed signs of extreme tension, many guilty because they thought they were harming someone
were seen to sweat, tremble, stutter, bite their c - making the results less reliable
lips, groan, dig their fingernails in hands
3 ppts had full blown uncontrollable seizures p - LOW ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY
- All pts were debriefed on what happened, they were e - Milgram tested obedience in a lab, which is very different to real-life situations of
also sent a follow-up questionnaire -> 84% felt glad obedience, where people are often asked to follow more subtle instructions, rather
to have participated than administering electric shocks
C – shows people will obey unjust orders from an c - therefore we cannot generalise his findings to real-life situations due to the fact that
authority figure we cannot conclude the people would obey less severe instructions in the same way
to know
Milgram p - UNETHICAL
A – to investigate how far people will go in obeying an e - they deceived the ppts and they didn't have the right to withdraw - ppts wanted to
authority figure stop but the experimenter was prodding them to carry on
P– d - however, they HAD TO DECIEVE in order to get the results they needed. They also
- Conf. was the learner and the ppts was the teacher gave a full debrief and showed the ppts that the confederate wasn't harmed in anyway.
- Learner was strapped to the chair but wasn’t In the follow-up questionnaire the ppts were given, 84% felt glad to have participated,
actually making the results more valid
- Teacher had to shock the learner every time he got a
question wrong p - GENDER BIAS
- Every time he was shocked his screams became e - only male ppts -> don't know if women would obey/act the same way
more dramatic d - CULTURAL BIAS - only carried out in America -> don't know if ppts in other countries
What is obedience?
- The shock went up to 450v will obey the same way as the ones in America, making the results less generalisable to
- The experimenter had to prod the ppt to tell him to people in other countries/cultures
Obedience to
continue and that he had no other choice
authority
F– p - it caused PSYCHOLOGICAL HARM
- 12.5% stopped at 300v e - in the qualitative data that was collected ppts showed signs of extreme tension -
- 65% went all the way to 450v many were seen to sweat, tremble, stutter, bite their lips, groan, dig their fingernails in
- Qualitative data was collected: their hands etc. and 3 ppts had full-blown uncontrollable seizures. Some ppts also felt
Ppts showed signs of extreme tension, many guilty because they thought they were harming someone
were seen to sweat, tremble, stutter, bite their c - making the results less reliable
lips, groan, dig their fingernails in hands
3 ppts had full blown uncontrollable seizures p - LOW ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY
- All pts were debriefed on what happened, they were e - Milgram tested obedience in a lab, which is very different to real-life situations of
also sent a follow-up questionnaire -> 84% felt glad obedience, where people are often asked to follow more subtle instructions, rather
to have participated than administering electric shocks
C – shows people will obey unjust orders from an c - therefore we cannot generalise his findings to real-life situations due to the fact that
authority figure we cannot conclude the people would obey less severe instructions in the same way
