16 MARKER:
Q: Outline and evaluate psychological explanations of o ending behaviour
A01:
• Early experiences coupled with innate drives = adult personality
• Superego is related to o ending behaviour
• Weak/ underdeveloped superego = Child who doesn’t identify w/ same sex parent =
lacks control over antisocial behaviour and acts in impulsive ways - id impulses.
• Harsh /overdeveloped superego = strong identi cation w/ same sex parent =
increased guilt + anxiety. Commits crime w/ intent of being caught so punishment will
decrease anxiety.
• Deviant superego = child has normal association w/ same sex parent. Criminal parent
= criminal child
A03: STRENGTH: More Holistic
• Only explanation that considers emotional factors.Doesn’t overlook other factors
• Cognitive approach ignores emotional e ects on behaviour
• Psychodynamic approach looks at anxiety/ feelings of rejection contributing
• Acknowledges biological in uences and early childhood experiences
A03: WEAKNESS: Gender Bias
• Women should develop a weaker superego than men according to Freud - don’t identify
w/ same sex parent as much as boys
• Freud believed no one would identify with a woman because of her lower status
• The resolution of the electra complex is less satisfactory than oedipus complex
• ALPHA BIAS - androcentric approach that devalues women.
• When applied to real life, theory is incorrect as we should see more female criminals
than male due to lack of identi cation- not the case
A03: STRENGTH : RLA Bowlby’s 44 Thieves
• Supports Freud’s theory
• Early separations accounted for 39% of ‘thieves’ behaviour
• Freud would argue this leads to weak/ underdeveloped superego
• Can prevent this problem by avoiding early separations - RLA
• Separation can be emotional or physical.Bowlby and Robbertson found children
coped okay w/separation if alternative emotional care was provided.
• Bowlby led to regulation in visiting hours for children w/ TB - this led to decrease in
criminal behaviour due to lack of separation
ff fl fi ff fiff
Q: Outline and evaluate psychological explanations of o ending behaviour
A01:
• Early experiences coupled with innate drives = adult personality
• Superego is related to o ending behaviour
• Weak/ underdeveloped superego = Child who doesn’t identify w/ same sex parent =
lacks control over antisocial behaviour and acts in impulsive ways - id impulses.
• Harsh /overdeveloped superego = strong identi cation w/ same sex parent =
increased guilt + anxiety. Commits crime w/ intent of being caught so punishment will
decrease anxiety.
• Deviant superego = child has normal association w/ same sex parent. Criminal parent
= criminal child
A03: STRENGTH: More Holistic
• Only explanation that considers emotional factors.Doesn’t overlook other factors
• Cognitive approach ignores emotional e ects on behaviour
• Psychodynamic approach looks at anxiety/ feelings of rejection contributing
• Acknowledges biological in uences and early childhood experiences
A03: WEAKNESS: Gender Bias
• Women should develop a weaker superego than men according to Freud - don’t identify
w/ same sex parent as much as boys
• Freud believed no one would identify with a woman because of her lower status
• The resolution of the electra complex is less satisfactory than oedipus complex
• ALPHA BIAS - androcentric approach that devalues women.
• When applied to real life, theory is incorrect as we should see more female criminals
than male due to lack of identi cation- not the case
A03: STRENGTH : RLA Bowlby’s 44 Thieves
• Supports Freud’s theory
• Early separations accounted for 39% of ‘thieves’ behaviour
• Freud would argue this leads to weak/ underdeveloped superego
• Can prevent this problem by avoiding early separations - RLA
• Separation can be emotional or physical.Bowlby and Robbertson found children
coped okay w/separation if alternative emotional care was provided.
• Bowlby led to regulation in visiting hours for children w/ TB - this led to decrease in
criminal behaviour due to lack of separation
ff fl fi ff fiff
