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Summary 3.1.5 DNA & RNA notes

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Module Unit 1 - Biological molecules
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Summary for the entire of 3.1.5 for AQA A-level Biology

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3.1.5


DNA + RNA
• info-carrying molecules
* relative simplicity = scientists doubted contained genetic code

DNA
• deoxyribonucleic acid
• holds genetic info

• pentose sugar
• N-containing organic bases: adenine + thymine or cytosine +
guanine
• phosphate

• monomers = nucleotides
- held together by phosphodiester bonds = polynucleotides

Adaptions
• 2 chains (strands) of DNA held together by H-bonds between
complementary base pairs
- bonds relatively weak :. allow strands be easily broken for DNA
replication/transcription
• v. stable, rarely mutates
• extremely large :. x di use out of nucleus/cell / carry lots genetic
info
• base pairs held inside helical cylinder of deoxyribose-phosphate
backbone :. protects from physical/chemical damage
• base pairing :. easily copied = replicated


RNA
• ribonucleic acid
• 1 more O than DNA
• contain uracil x thymine
• single stranded
• transfers genetic info from DNA to ribosomes
• shorter than DNA
• mRNA = single helix shape, tRNA = clover leaf shape

Ribosome


•protein + rRNA
•2 subunits assemble round mRNA molecule + start synthesising
proteins





ff

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