☐
⇐ compunctions
formulas
Ionic Bonding 3.13.7
Properties
← stru
-
&
-5042
-
sulfate
Bonding Hydroxide
-
-= -
OH Molecular •
solid
€
•
strong electrostatic attraction between Nitrate v05
-
oppositely charged ionsinalattice carbonate ( 032 Examples ( 02,121MHz
-
1-120,1-1
-
-
-
,
Ammonium -
NH4+
structure I •#••
structure -
molecular
Giant ionic lattice held together by electrostatic
- • •
•#••
attraction actinginalldiiections .
•• •
>
Bonding Strong -
covalent bon
• • •
properties between the atom
Properties> ←
• • •
but weak intermole
⇐
① Low melting point ② Doesnt conduct forces between mo
① High melting / boiling point ② conductivity •
Have very weak •
No charged particles /
•
Have very
strong electrostatic
•
only conduct When
-
molten / intermolecular forces delocalized electrons able
forces of attraction between in solution as ions are free between the molecules tocarryacharge -
which tomoveandcarryacharge Which require little
oppositely charged ions .
energy
require a large amount of to overcome .
③ Most insoluble
to overcome
energy Depends on amount
.
•
ionic lattice
Requires energy
• -
broken up -
endothermic
of energy required
to breakwater
-
Must be energetically
③ Usually soluble Molecules apart
( favourable
.
.
water molecules have slight charges >
gheaitracpion between
•
-
ontheoandtlcpolarsotheycanpv "
the polar water haspobe
ions away from the lattice allows
Ofcovalenttdativecovalentbonds]
-
it to dissolve
stronger than the attraction Nature
between the ions themselves € "
3.1.32
for them to dissolve otherwise
covalent Bond
the ionic solid will be insoluble
① Mgois insoluble while NaCl isn't .
•
Abondbetweenznon -
metals .
-
Asinylecovalentbond
what does this tell you about contains asharedpairof electrons .
"
the strength oftheionicbondsir Multiple bonds multiple pairs of electrons
-
•
contain
, Ds Bond po
Macromolecular silicon dioxide >
Nanotubes Ev
← Ev Ev
• •
macromolecular Electronegat
Diamond
•
l•-•
• •
Eachsiliconatomisbondedto •
Allotrope of carbon
•
•
•
•
•
4
oxygen atoms .
•
single sheet of graphite graphene
-
Diamond allotrope otcaibon
Eachoxygenatomisbondedto rollasheetotgrapheneintoatube
-
• • • • •
The elect
-
•
• ↳ nanotube 3D)
2 Silicon atoms .
/ with dif
Structure Macromolecular Structure macromolecular singletubeisverystrong → Pro
-
- .
• -
↳ Individual tubes held
Bonding Eachoarbonatomisbonded
-
•
together by to
+04 other carbons soit contains • weak intermolecular forces .
lots of strong covalent bonds . •-•-•F••••, •
some mo
& ••E
Tetrahedral shape rigid 3D
*
%•÷en÷ñ functions macromolecular have
§•-•@-•-•
-
-
, • .
a
•.
• • •@
structure around ,µy
strong ,,angp,µµug ,
of the
. .
•• •
••• • •
••
•
components in electrical transmitters bonds
Properties
① Hard ③ Does not conduct electricity fullerenes> •
Buckminsterfullerene
&
.
Lots of strong covalent bonds .
•
Hasnofreeelectronstocarrya •
Molecular limited carbon atoms
- . bocarbonatoms eachotwhichisbonded
-
tlarddvetorigid 3D structure charge through the structure .
tothreeothersbyzsinglebonds
-
Tetrahedral tone double bond .
② High melting /boiling points
positive metal ion
strong covalent bonds which
require lotsofenergytobreak
e- I e-
+ +
+
Hots of strong covalent bonds) .
e. e-
e-
+ + +
e-
e- +
'
+
Bonding
+
Metallic Deiocaiisea
> Ev
Graphite
e- e-
electron
€ Structure -
Giant metallic lattice
Graphite allotrope
-
of carbon Bonding -
strong electrostatic attraction
between the positive metal
structure -
Macromolecular ③ High melting / boiling point ionsandtheseaoedeiocaiis.e
•
⇐ compunctions
formulas
Ionic Bonding 3.13.7
Properties
← stru
-
&
-5042
-
sulfate
Bonding Hydroxide
-
-= -
OH Molecular •
solid
€
•
strong electrostatic attraction between Nitrate v05
-
oppositely charged ionsinalattice carbonate ( 032 Examples ( 02,121MHz
-
1-120,1-1
-
-
-
,
Ammonium -
NH4+
structure I •#••
structure -
molecular
Giant ionic lattice held together by electrostatic
- • •
•#••
attraction actinginalldiiections .
•• •
>
Bonding Strong -
covalent bon
• • •
properties between the atom
Properties> ←
• • •
but weak intermole
⇐
① Low melting point ② Doesnt conduct forces between mo
① High melting / boiling point ② conductivity •
Have very weak •
No charged particles /
•
Have very
strong electrostatic
•
only conduct When
-
molten / intermolecular forces delocalized electrons able
forces of attraction between in solution as ions are free between the molecules tocarryacharge -
which tomoveandcarryacharge Which require little
oppositely charged ions .
energy
require a large amount of to overcome .
③ Most insoluble
to overcome
energy Depends on amount
.
•
ionic lattice
Requires energy
• -
broken up -
endothermic
of energy required
to breakwater
-
Must be energetically
③ Usually soluble Molecules apart
( favourable
.
.
water molecules have slight charges >
gheaitracpion between
•
-
ontheoandtlcpolarsotheycanpv "
the polar water haspobe
ions away from the lattice allows
Ofcovalenttdativecovalentbonds]
-
it to dissolve
stronger than the attraction Nature
between the ions themselves € "
3.1.32
for them to dissolve otherwise
covalent Bond
the ionic solid will be insoluble
① Mgois insoluble while NaCl isn't .
•
Abondbetweenznon -
metals .
-
Asinylecovalentbond
what does this tell you about contains asharedpairof electrons .
"
the strength oftheionicbondsir Multiple bonds multiple pairs of electrons
-
•
contain
, Ds Bond po
Macromolecular silicon dioxide >
Nanotubes Ev
← Ev Ev
• •
macromolecular Electronegat
Diamond
•
l•-•
• •
Eachsiliconatomisbondedto •
Allotrope of carbon
•
•
•
•
•
4
oxygen atoms .
•
single sheet of graphite graphene
-
Diamond allotrope otcaibon
Eachoxygenatomisbondedto rollasheetotgrapheneintoatube
-
• • • • •
The elect
-
•
• ↳ nanotube 3D)
2 Silicon atoms .
/ with dif
Structure Macromolecular Structure macromolecular singletubeisverystrong → Pro
-
- .
• -
↳ Individual tubes held
Bonding Eachoarbonatomisbonded
-
•
together by to
+04 other carbons soit contains • weak intermolecular forces .
lots of strong covalent bonds . •-•-•F••••, •
some mo
& ••E
Tetrahedral shape rigid 3D
*
%•÷en÷ñ functions macromolecular have
§•-•@-•-•
-
-
, • .
a
•.
• • •@
structure around ,µy
strong ,,angp,µµug ,
of the
. .
•• •
••• • •
••
•
components in electrical transmitters bonds
Properties
① Hard ③ Does not conduct electricity fullerenes> •
Buckminsterfullerene
&
.
Lots of strong covalent bonds .
•
Hasnofreeelectronstocarrya •
Molecular limited carbon atoms
- . bocarbonatoms eachotwhichisbonded
-
tlarddvetorigid 3D structure charge through the structure .
tothreeothersbyzsinglebonds
-
Tetrahedral tone double bond .
② High melting /boiling points
positive metal ion
strong covalent bonds which
require lotsofenergytobreak
e- I e-
+ +
+
Hots of strong covalent bonds) .
e. e-
e-
+ + +
e-
e- +
'
+
Bonding
+
Metallic Deiocaiisea
> Ev
Graphite
e- e-
electron
€ Structure -
Giant metallic lattice
Graphite allotrope
-
of carbon Bonding -
strong electrostatic attraction
between the positive metal
structure -
Macromolecular ③ High melting / boiling point ionsandtheseaoedeiocaiis.e
•
