Scotland France The Netherlands The New World
Key features • 1559 a group of Protes- • March 1562, religious civil • It is possible to identify a breakdown • 1550 Spain had conquered Mexico,
tant lords in Scotland war broke out in France, re- in communication caused by Philip’s Peru, Chile and the Caribbean- no one
deposed Mary of Guise ducing the immediate threat move from the Netherlands to Madrid could trade without a license in these
• Cecil was anxious to re- of France in 1558 countries and all goods had to be regis-
duce French influence • French war was caused by • A succession of weak administrators tered in Seville
in Scotland and had to the spread of Calvinism and ruling the Netherlands on his behalf • Attempts at discovery by Sir Humphrey
persuade Elizabeth to by powerful feudal nobles and inept Spanish ambassadors sent Gilbert and Martin Frobisher to find the
send aid to the rebels that had a lot of influence. to England North-West Passage formed only a
• Elizabeth agreed to fi- The monarchy did not have • 3/4 of UK’s overseas trade passed small part of English Maritime Enter-
nancial aid and then any significant power after through Antwerp and 3/4 trade was prise- most was illegal piracy or illegal
naval and military the death of Henry II woollen trade with the Spanish empire
• Wars lasted between 1562- • Antwerp businessmen has been up- • Silver was carried from S.America to
forces after Cecil
threatened to resign 93 set by the New Book of Rates under Spain in 2 fleets, the Flotilla- which at-
• The aid was confirmed • The leading noble families, Mary where duty imports were in- tracted pirates
by the Treaty of the Guise and the Bourbon creased by 75% • 1562, John Hawkins sailed to West
• Chief ministers in the Netherlands,
Berwick which was were divided over religion Africa where he bought slaves which he
signed 1560 while Catherine de Medici Cardinal Granvelle saw Elizabeth sold to colonists in the New World
• This has been called struggled to preserve the sponsoring Protestant rebels and be- • Repeated this venture in 1564 with fi-
the ‘British Strategy’ monarchy for her young lieved that English traders were trying nancial backing of Cecil, Leicester and
• Treaty of Edinburgh in sons to spread Protestantism in the Elizabeth- received 60% on their own in-
1560, agreed that the • Elizabeth was under pres- Netherlands vestment
• In 1563, Granvelle used the outbreak • Voyage ended all hopes of peaceful
French would withdraw sure from Dudley and
from Scotland, leaving Throckmorton to send help of plague in London as an excuse to trade with Spain
a token force and a to the Huguenots, who were ban import of all English cloth • Spain began to strengthen their de-
• Elizabeth retaliated by stopping all
new Protestant govern- doing badly- a united Eng- fences and in 1568 attacked Hawkins’
ment under Lord James land under the Guise control imports from the Netherlands- trade fleet at San Juan de Ulna
Stuart would not be in England’s between the two nations ceased • Hawkins’ returned to England with 15
best interest • Economic suffering caused both men and hostility broke out between the
• The war went badly as the sides to resumption trade with 12 two nations
Huguenots were defeated in months
1562 and were disappointed • Outbreak of Calvinist riots in Nether-
by level of English support. lands led to brief religious toleration
• Joined the Catholics to drive but Philip announced to crush heresy
England out of France at Le and sent Spanish army under Duke
Havre 1563 of Alva- Protestant exiles sought
Key features • 1559 a group of Protes- • March 1562, religious civil • It is possible to identify a breakdown • 1550 Spain had conquered Mexico,
tant lords in Scotland war broke out in France, re- in communication caused by Philip’s Peru, Chile and the Caribbean- no one
deposed Mary of Guise ducing the immediate threat move from the Netherlands to Madrid could trade without a license in these
• Cecil was anxious to re- of France in 1558 countries and all goods had to be regis-
duce French influence • French war was caused by • A succession of weak administrators tered in Seville
in Scotland and had to the spread of Calvinism and ruling the Netherlands on his behalf • Attempts at discovery by Sir Humphrey
persuade Elizabeth to by powerful feudal nobles and inept Spanish ambassadors sent Gilbert and Martin Frobisher to find the
send aid to the rebels that had a lot of influence. to England North-West Passage formed only a
• Elizabeth agreed to fi- The monarchy did not have • 3/4 of UK’s overseas trade passed small part of English Maritime Enter-
nancial aid and then any significant power after through Antwerp and 3/4 trade was prise- most was illegal piracy or illegal
naval and military the death of Henry II woollen trade with the Spanish empire
• Wars lasted between 1562- • Antwerp businessmen has been up- • Silver was carried from S.America to
forces after Cecil
threatened to resign 93 set by the New Book of Rates under Spain in 2 fleets, the Flotilla- which at-
• The aid was confirmed • The leading noble families, Mary where duty imports were in- tracted pirates
by the Treaty of the Guise and the Bourbon creased by 75% • 1562, John Hawkins sailed to West
• Chief ministers in the Netherlands,
Berwick which was were divided over religion Africa where he bought slaves which he
signed 1560 while Catherine de Medici Cardinal Granvelle saw Elizabeth sold to colonists in the New World
• This has been called struggled to preserve the sponsoring Protestant rebels and be- • Repeated this venture in 1564 with fi-
the ‘British Strategy’ monarchy for her young lieved that English traders were trying nancial backing of Cecil, Leicester and
• Treaty of Edinburgh in sons to spread Protestantism in the Elizabeth- received 60% on their own in-
1560, agreed that the • Elizabeth was under pres- Netherlands vestment
• In 1563, Granvelle used the outbreak • Voyage ended all hopes of peaceful
French would withdraw sure from Dudley and
from Scotland, leaving Throckmorton to send help of plague in London as an excuse to trade with Spain
a token force and a to the Huguenots, who were ban import of all English cloth • Spain began to strengthen their de-
• Elizabeth retaliated by stopping all
new Protestant govern- doing badly- a united Eng- fences and in 1568 attacked Hawkins’
ment under Lord James land under the Guise control imports from the Netherlands- trade fleet at San Juan de Ulna
Stuart would not be in England’s between the two nations ceased • Hawkins’ returned to England with 15
best interest • Economic suffering caused both men and hostility broke out between the
• The war went badly as the sides to resumption trade with 12 two nations
Huguenots were defeated in months
1562 and were disappointed • Outbreak of Calvinist riots in Nether-
by level of English support. lands led to brief religious toleration
• Joined the Catholics to drive but Philip announced to crush heresy
England out of France at Le and sent Spanish army under Duke
Havre 1563 of Alva- Protestant exiles sought
