^
, ,
"
.AE#fBhAfEf
.
.
•
-
Water
→ H2O → H2 the
H2O) concentration egm lies far to the left
and CHLO] is a constant
pH of pure water
,
Kw-
-
CHI
•
ka constant
" "
Aadt alkali molest concentration
It volume isthe same
slightly dissociated
•
+
then CH t ) -
-
Ka
•
Temperature increases that affects Kw increases t endothermic
acidic gases affect the environment
•
When a salt is dissolved in a buffer (given ka constant) find CAT
,
.
•
Buffers
it is an equilibrium opposes addition of Ht tons
"
unchanged
"
pH is almost
" "
constant
Ht removed by reaching warm # A
Alkaline Buffers , it Ht ions added increate eqm left
OH ions added
-
, right to form water
Experimental
•
burette t deliver variable volumes
calibrate pH meter : not accurate after storage .
small increments near end point
stir ,
until add excess .
✓
REPEAT
measure difference
, ,
"
.AE#fBhAfEf
.
.
•
-
Water
→ H2O → H2 the
H2O) concentration egm lies far to the left
and CHLO] is a constant
pH of pure water
,
Kw-
-
CHI
•
ka constant
" "
Aadt alkali molest concentration
It volume isthe same
slightly dissociated
•
+
then CH t ) -
-
Ka
•
Temperature increases that affects Kw increases t endothermic
acidic gases affect the environment
•
When a salt is dissolved in a buffer (given ka constant) find CAT
,
.
•
Buffers
it is an equilibrium opposes addition of Ht tons
"
unchanged
"
pH is almost
" "
constant
Ht removed by reaching warm # A
Alkaline Buffers , it Ht ions added increate eqm left
OH ions added
-
, right to form water
Experimental
•
burette t deliver variable volumes
calibrate pH meter : not accurate after storage .
small increments near end point
stir ,
until add excess .
✓
REPEAT
measure difference
