WJEC A Level History - Tudor England
Henry VIII: Government, Foreign Policy, Religion, Society and Economy, 1509-
1547 - Flashcard Set
63 proofread question-and-answer cards
Question Answer
What was the first period of Conciliar government, 1509-1514: decisions were made by
government? the Council. The government was composed of three
branches: the Court, the Privy Council and the Privy
Chamber.
Which of Henry VII's councillors Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson.
fell out of favour?
What was the second period of Government under Wolsey 1514-1529: Henry's frustration
government? with senior councillors who opposed war with France and
his growing confidence in governing played a role in this.
Wolsey could fulfil the king's desires or persuade him.
What was the third period of Government under Cromwell, 1532-1540: this marked the
government? end of the ‘King’s Great Matter’. By 1532, Cromwell had
become the king’s chief minister.
What was the last period of Conciliar government 1540-1547: conservative revival had
government? significant political consequences as it led to the
reinstatement. The removal of Cromwell resulted in the
establishment of a Privy Council with a fixed membership.
Who was the Duke of He was known to speak about sensitive matters such as
Buckingham and what happened succession and was executed in 1521.
to him?
What were Henry's original He was keen to establish his legacy in foreign policy, and
foreign policy aims? his inclination towards military conquest is evident in his
wars with France, which were often costly and yielded
minimal gains of little or no strategic value.
How did Henry destroy his • Money - it is believed that Henry was left around
father's legacy? £300,000.
• Unpopular mechanisms for extracting money.
• A peaceful foreign policy.
• A conciliar government.
What was abolished in January The Council Learned in the Law.
1510?
What was the role of the Privy A group of young courtiers who had the king's personal
Chamber? favour.
What was the Court of It dealt with cases for which the Common Law was
Chancery? inadequate. Justice was applied through the principle of
equity, meaning fairness, rather than through a strict
reading of Common Law.
What was the Star Chamber? A court of appeal. Established by the Act of Parliament in
1487, as an offshoot of the king's council, and became the
centre of both government and justice under Wolsey.
How many cases were there in 1,685. Estimated that Wolsey heard 10 times the number of
the Star Chamber? cases heard in the reign of Henry VII.
Unofficial independent revision resource. Not affiliated with or endorsed by WJEC/CBAC or Eduqas.
, Question Answer
How much did Wolsey raise Raised £332,099 in subsidies, £240,000 in clerical tax and
financially? £260,000 in forced loans.
How much was government £1.7 million.
expenditure between 1509 and
1520?
What was the 'Tudor subsidy'? Wolsey made changes to the collection of subsidies. Instead
of using local commissioners to assess taxpayers' wealth,
Wolsey headed a national committee. He introduced a
subsidy to replace the fifteenths and tenths tax.
Was the Tudor subsidy a It was levied four times in 1513-1515. Altogether, it brought
success? in over £300,000. For example, the 1523 subsidy imposed a
tax of one shilling in the pound for land worth £50, and one
shilling in the pound on personal savings and goods.
What was the 1515 Act of To regain lands for the crown, which had earlier been
Resumption? granted away, income had decreased to 25,000 per annum.
The act returned some of the lands to the crown.
What was the Amicable Grant? In theory, a freely given gift to the king, but was really a
heavy tax introduced without Parliamentary approval.
What were the Eltham Introduced to reform the finances of the Privy Council.
Ordinances of 1526? Wolsey reduced the number of Gentlemen of the Privy
Chamber from 12 to 6.
How did Cromwell affect law and In 1540, an Act abolished sanctuary.
order?
How did Cromwell affect In 1536, the Court of Augmentations was established to
finances? deal with income from the dissolution of the monasteries.
Crown income increased from £150,000 to £300,000.
When and what was The Act in April 1533: the preamble to the Act declared that the
Restraint of Appeals? monarch possessed an imperial jurisdiction which was not
subject to any foreign power. The Act declared that appeals
could not be made to Rome.
When and what was The Act of November 1534. Gave legislative force to royal supremacy
Supremacy? and Henry had full control over the Church, accomplishing
the break away from Rome.
When and what was the Act of • April 1534.
Succession? • Henry and Anne’s children were placed ahead of
Catherine’s daughter Mary in the succession.
• The marriage to Catherine was recognised as invalid, and
Mary became illegitimate.
When and what was The Treason Was tightened so that treason could be committed by the
Act? spoken word as well as by deed or writing.
When and what was the Act of 1536, Wales became incorporated into the English legal and
Union? administrative system.
What was the formal submission This provoked the resignation of Sir Thomas More as
of the clergy to Henry VIII? Chancellor.
When was the Battle of Spurs? 1513.
Where did Henry occupy as a Thérouanne and Tournai.
result of the Battle of Spurs?
Unofficial independent revision resource. Not affiliated with or endorsed by WJEC/CBAC or Eduqas.
Henry VIII: Government, Foreign Policy, Religion, Society and Economy, 1509-
1547 - Flashcard Set
63 proofread question-and-answer cards
Question Answer
What was the first period of Conciliar government, 1509-1514: decisions were made by
government? the Council. The government was composed of three
branches: the Court, the Privy Council and the Privy
Chamber.
Which of Henry VII's councillors Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson.
fell out of favour?
What was the second period of Government under Wolsey 1514-1529: Henry's frustration
government? with senior councillors who opposed war with France and
his growing confidence in governing played a role in this.
Wolsey could fulfil the king's desires or persuade him.
What was the third period of Government under Cromwell, 1532-1540: this marked the
government? end of the ‘King’s Great Matter’. By 1532, Cromwell had
become the king’s chief minister.
What was the last period of Conciliar government 1540-1547: conservative revival had
government? significant political consequences as it led to the
reinstatement. The removal of Cromwell resulted in the
establishment of a Privy Council with a fixed membership.
Who was the Duke of He was known to speak about sensitive matters such as
Buckingham and what happened succession and was executed in 1521.
to him?
What were Henry's original He was keen to establish his legacy in foreign policy, and
foreign policy aims? his inclination towards military conquest is evident in his
wars with France, which were often costly and yielded
minimal gains of little or no strategic value.
How did Henry destroy his • Money - it is believed that Henry was left around
father's legacy? £300,000.
• Unpopular mechanisms for extracting money.
• A peaceful foreign policy.
• A conciliar government.
What was abolished in January The Council Learned in the Law.
1510?
What was the role of the Privy A group of young courtiers who had the king's personal
Chamber? favour.
What was the Court of It dealt with cases for which the Common Law was
Chancery? inadequate. Justice was applied through the principle of
equity, meaning fairness, rather than through a strict
reading of Common Law.
What was the Star Chamber? A court of appeal. Established by the Act of Parliament in
1487, as an offshoot of the king's council, and became the
centre of both government and justice under Wolsey.
How many cases were there in 1,685. Estimated that Wolsey heard 10 times the number of
the Star Chamber? cases heard in the reign of Henry VII.
Unofficial independent revision resource. Not affiliated with or endorsed by WJEC/CBAC or Eduqas.
, Question Answer
How much did Wolsey raise Raised £332,099 in subsidies, £240,000 in clerical tax and
financially? £260,000 in forced loans.
How much was government £1.7 million.
expenditure between 1509 and
1520?
What was the 'Tudor subsidy'? Wolsey made changes to the collection of subsidies. Instead
of using local commissioners to assess taxpayers' wealth,
Wolsey headed a national committee. He introduced a
subsidy to replace the fifteenths and tenths tax.
Was the Tudor subsidy a It was levied four times in 1513-1515. Altogether, it brought
success? in over £300,000. For example, the 1523 subsidy imposed a
tax of one shilling in the pound for land worth £50, and one
shilling in the pound on personal savings and goods.
What was the 1515 Act of To regain lands for the crown, which had earlier been
Resumption? granted away, income had decreased to 25,000 per annum.
The act returned some of the lands to the crown.
What was the Amicable Grant? In theory, a freely given gift to the king, but was really a
heavy tax introduced without Parliamentary approval.
What were the Eltham Introduced to reform the finances of the Privy Council.
Ordinances of 1526? Wolsey reduced the number of Gentlemen of the Privy
Chamber from 12 to 6.
How did Cromwell affect law and In 1540, an Act abolished sanctuary.
order?
How did Cromwell affect In 1536, the Court of Augmentations was established to
finances? deal with income from the dissolution of the monasteries.
Crown income increased from £150,000 to £300,000.
When and what was The Act in April 1533: the preamble to the Act declared that the
Restraint of Appeals? monarch possessed an imperial jurisdiction which was not
subject to any foreign power. The Act declared that appeals
could not be made to Rome.
When and what was The Act of November 1534. Gave legislative force to royal supremacy
Supremacy? and Henry had full control over the Church, accomplishing
the break away from Rome.
When and what was the Act of • April 1534.
Succession? • Henry and Anne’s children were placed ahead of
Catherine’s daughter Mary in the succession.
• The marriage to Catherine was recognised as invalid, and
Mary became illegitimate.
When and what was The Treason Was tightened so that treason could be committed by the
Act? spoken word as well as by deed or writing.
When and what was the Act of 1536, Wales became incorporated into the English legal and
Union? administrative system.
What was the formal submission This provoked the resignation of Sir Thomas More as
of the clergy to Henry VIII? Chancellor.
When was the Battle of Spurs? 1513.
Where did Henry occupy as a Thérouanne and Tournai.
result of the Battle of Spurs?
Unofficial independent revision resource. Not affiliated with or endorsed by WJEC/CBAC or Eduqas.
