Summary Unit 3.1.6. chemical equilibria

3. 1.6 .
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA , Le CHA TELLER'S PRINCIPLE AND Kc
3. 1. 6.1 .
CHE EQUILIBRIA
.




A t
B ÷ C t D -

as reaction proceeds the rate of the forward reaction dnegyeasesmn
the rate of the reverse reaction increases

eventually reaction will reach stage forwards & backwards reaction
the a where both
proceeding at SAME RATE
-




are

↳ DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIA El products)
concentrations (of reactants
stay CONSTANT
: -




.



the rate of forwards reaction IS EQUAL TO the rate of backwards reaction
to lout
in a closed
system nothing -
in



concentration




7¥
(molding EQUILIBRIUM = -

forward & reverse reaction proceed at equal rates
Eg
wii i ini tieatii i iei iaonstsi.Y.pro
"" ducts remain constant
not
reactants
Eg
HABER PROCESS :
Nz (g) t SH , Cy) E
/ NH (g),

time " I SO ly)
• no products at start CONTACT PROCESS :
,
t O, Cgl F 2 SO , (g)

3. 1.6 LE CHAT EVER'S PRINCIPLE
.




be used to predict the effects of concentration
can
temperature pressure of
=



changes in , , on the yield reverseble reaction
if ( in pressure ,
a
change temperature , or concentration of reactant ) applied system at equilibrium
°

is to a ,




the equilibrium will shift to the
oppose change
each condition wnsireded
is
separately and turn
-



in




1. effect of temperature
Forward reaction =
EXOTHERMIC ( SH Dive) -
-
-




temp incl -




, equilibrium shifts to left Cen do thermic side) to oppose the change
" " FT
if tinct absorbs exothermal REVERSE reaction endothermic
energy ;
r -

=



1 SO , Cgl t
Oz Cgl ⇐
1503cg) reactant product
incl
yield to decd yield of
-




↳
,
"
e of less of


shifts (exothermic side) to
forward reaction = ENDOTHERMIC ISH ① ive) :
-




temp deed ; equilibrium to right oppose
the
change
if t deed SHIFT
,
-


decd
yield of reactant
,
incl yield of
product
1 SO , Cgl t
Oz Cgl ⇐
1503cg)
t t more of
less of