Summary Unit 3.1.1. - Atomic structure

3.1.11 .
FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES
relative mass relative charge RAM = E ( Ab F) x
+ I +I

Po E (Ab)
n l O

Hmo I
-




e
-




3.1.11 .
MASS NUMBER AND ISOTOPES


If isotope atoms of element with the
-




an same number of pt and
-




e i
-




"
but diff no .
of no -


same 2 ,
different A
A number 2 N isoelectronic the diff element have the
mass isotopes of an same
-
-
-




Z
proton (atomic number) Chem properties as they have the same of
-
-

.
no .




N neutron number outer shell
-

-




e in
-




physical properties slightly different depends of atom
•
on mass
-
-




MASS SPECTROMETRY
of
measures mass
single ion
-




fired from
"

high energy
"
at atom k necks off
- - -




l - IONIZATION 1
,
electron impact : e an e
gun ,
e


Xtlgl
-




Ngl →
te


problem : double ionization

fragmentation of bigger molecules
" "
c electron
spray
:
sample dissolved in volatile solution
.




,
"
needle connected to
capillary
"
-




sample is sprayed through fine

high voltage ; accepts pt
At Ht → Nyt

problem : mk -
-
H

accelerated to KE
by neg place travel down the tube
2. ACCELERATION :
ions Sarre .




,


¥
I
FL, ,
KE -

-
'

z
mv
'
V -

-




into tube
travel through hole
neg plate
t
3. DEFLECTION :
ions a in .
a

1- of depends on
velocity → which depends on mass


-




positively charged hits
neg plate
4. DETECTION ion
gains e
:
.

i

movement of conducts electrical current of current proportional
-




↳ e →
size to

abundance of an ion