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Summary Derivations - OCR Module 4, Electrons, Waves, and Photons (A-Level)

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Comprehensive and clearly structured notes for OCR A A-Level Physics – Module 4: Electrons, Waves and Photons. This document focuses on key derivations, equations, and core concepts required for exams, making it ideal for revision and understanding how formulas are developed. The notes include step-by-step derivations and explanations for: Electron drift velocity (I = nAve) Potential divider equations Electrical power equations (P = IV, P = I²R, P = V²/R) Resistors in series and parallel Snell’s law and critical angle Young’s double slit experiment Diffraction grating (d sinθ = nλ) De Broglie wavelength Each topic is supported with clear handwritten diagrams and logical working, helping you understand not just the final formulas but how they are derived — a key skill for A-level exams.

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Module 4
Electrons, Waves, and photons
OCR A A-level physics



•
Electron Drift Velocity I = nave

Rz
• Potential Divider ✓out
= Vin
R, t Rz




• Power Equations Starting from P= ¾ into P= IV etc



• Resistors in series RT = Ri + R2 + Rs ....



• Resistors in parallel _Ip, = 1, + Rz OR Rt - (¼ + &)'


• Snell's haw ① = Sin" (¾)



• Young's Double Slit ✗ = 9

• Diffraction Grating dsina = nx


• De Broglie's Wavelength ✗ =! = ½p

, e- e- é e- e-
A e-
é
é é é
T




Deriving I = nave Q = It
- Ne (electron
n = number of charge carriers per m³ N= nv numbers)

nV = Total number of charge carriers
NVe = Total charge (Q = male)


① Q = It ① = Ne
Ne = IE


② Ne-It and N=nv
nve = It
rearrange to get I= nve

cross-sectional area ✗ length
③ change V to V= AL

⟂ = Male
∈

④ Sub in v= ¼ (= VE


I = nAu t e
∈ cancels out


- = have

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April 26, 2026
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