APPROACHES ALL ESSAY PLANS:
(No 16 marker for Origins)
Origins of Psychology
Wundt and Introspection AO1:
Wundt’s Lab - First’s psychology lab in Leipzig, introduced structuralism
Controlled Methods – Standardized instructions made procedures replicable
Early Philosophical Roots – Descartes, Locke, Darwin
Emergence of Psychology as Science AO1:
Watson and Early Behaviourists – Rejection of introspection
Scientific Approach – Behaviourism, cognitive revolution, biological approach, cognitive neuroscience
Describe and Evaluate the Behaviourist Approach in
Psychology? (16)
Behaviourist Approach AO1:
Assumptions – Observable. Basic processes same in all species
Classical Conditioning – Association of NS and UCS to produce new CS and CR
Operant Conditioning – Reinforcement (positive and negative). Punishment.
Evaluation AO3:
Scientific Credibility – Objectivity and replication helped create psychology as science
Real-Life Application – Token economy used in prison. Focus on here and now e.g. treating phobias.
Mechanistic – Humans are passive responders, mental events not included
Outline and Evaluate the Social Learning Theory Approach?
(16)
Social Learning Theory AO1:
Assumptions – Observable. Basic processes same in all species
Vicarious Reinforcement – Observation leads to imitation of behaviour is vicariously reinforced (Bobo
doll experiment)
Mediational Processes – Attention, Retention, Motivation, Reproduction
Identification – More likely to imitate role models you identify with
(No 16 marker for Origins)
Origins of Psychology
Wundt and Introspection AO1:
Wundt’s Lab - First’s psychology lab in Leipzig, introduced structuralism
Controlled Methods – Standardized instructions made procedures replicable
Early Philosophical Roots – Descartes, Locke, Darwin
Emergence of Psychology as Science AO1:
Watson and Early Behaviourists – Rejection of introspection
Scientific Approach – Behaviourism, cognitive revolution, biological approach, cognitive neuroscience
Describe and Evaluate the Behaviourist Approach in
Psychology? (16)
Behaviourist Approach AO1:
Assumptions – Observable. Basic processes same in all species
Classical Conditioning – Association of NS and UCS to produce new CS and CR
Operant Conditioning – Reinforcement (positive and negative). Punishment.
Evaluation AO3:
Scientific Credibility – Objectivity and replication helped create psychology as science
Real-Life Application – Token economy used in prison. Focus on here and now e.g. treating phobias.
Mechanistic – Humans are passive responders, mental events not included
Outline and Evaluate the Social Learning Theory Approach?
(16)
Social Learning Theory AO1:
Assumptions – Observable. Basic processes same in all species
Vicarious Reinforcement – Observation leads to imitation of behaviour is vicariously reinforced (Bobo
doll experiment)
Mediational Processes – Attention, Retention, Motivation, Reproduction
Identification – More likely to imitate role models you identify with
