Inorganic ions
Iron ions Sodium ions
: The main role of iron ions in cells is the : These allow the co-transport of
production of haemoglobin to be used glucose/amino acids into epithelial cells
in red blood cells in the lining of the ileum
: used to make haemoglobin and the : Active transport of sodium ions out of
haem group/iron ions combine/react the epithelial cell via the sodium-
with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin potassium pump
- to carry oxygen around the body in red - creating a low Na+ concentration in
blood cells cells to create a concentration gradient
of Na+ between lumen of ileum and
epithelial cells
Phosphate ions
- so that Na+ can enter via facilitated
: used in making DNA and RNA diffusion down the concentration
nucleotides which are important for gradient and co-transports glucose with
protein synthesis it into the cell
- it helps to join the nucleotides in the
sugar-phosphate backbone
: Phosphate ions are also used to make
ATP from ADP
- they are combined with ADP in a
condensation reaction to form ATP
- needed for energy release within cells
: The hydrolysis of ATP produces
phosphate ions which can then
phosphorylate other compounds
- make them more reactive such as
glucose in respiration or to change the
shape of carrier proteins during active
transport
: Phosphate ions also constitute the
hydrophilic head of phospholipids in the
phospholipid bilayer of the cell-surface
membrane
Iron ions Sodium ions
: The main role of iron ions in cells is the : These allow the co-transport of
production of haemoglobin to be used glucose/amino acids into epithelial cells
in red blood cells in the lining of the ileum
: used to make haemoglobin and the : Active transport of sodium ions out of
haem group/iron ions combine/react the epithelial cell via the sodium-
with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin potassium pump
- to carry oxygen around the body in red - creating a low Na+ concentration in
blood cells cells to create a concentration gradient
of Na+ between lumen of ileum and
epithelial cells
Phosphate ions
- so that Na+ can enter via facilitated
: used in making DNA and RNA diffusion down the concentration
nucleotides which are important for gradient and co-transports glucose with
protein synthesis it into the cell
- it helps to join the nucleotides in the
sugar-phosphate backbone
: Phosphate ions are also used to make
ATP from ADP
- they are combined with ADP in a
condensation reaction to form ATP
- needed for energy release within cells
: The hydrolysis of ATP produces
phosphate ions which can then
phosphorylate other compounds
- make them more reactive such as
glucose in respiration or to change the
shape of carrier proteins during active
transport
: Phosphate ions also constitute the
hydrophilic head of phospholipids in the
phospholipid bilayer of the cell-surface
membrane
