DNA
Structure of DNA : In DNA specifically, the pentose sugar
in the nucleotide is deoxyribose
: DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
: The nitrogen-containing base, in DNA,
can be one of four different types
: codes for the sequence of amino
: adenine, cytosine, guanine,
acids in the primary structure of a
thymine
protein
- A, C, G or T
- determines the final unique 3D
structure of the tertiary protein
– determines the structure and : The pentose sugar and phosphate
function of the protein groups form a sugar-phosphate
backbone
- very strong due to the strong
: directly determines the structure and
covalent phosphodiester bonds
function of proteins which in turn
between them that hold the polymer
determine your characteristics
together
: a polymer that is twisted into a
double helix structure
: The monomer of DNA is the
nucleotide
: A nucleotide, in general, is made up of : formed by a condensation reaction of
a pentose sugar attached to a the nucleotide monomers
nitrogenous base, and a phosphate
group : The phosphodiester bond forms
between a deoxyribose on one
nucleotide and a phosphate on an
adjacent nucleotide
- catalysed by DNA polymerase
- incredibly strong covalent bonds,
- always stays in its shape and correct
sequence, so the genetic code does
not break down
: The phosphodiester bonds are formed
between the deoxyribose (pentose)
sugar and the phosphate group
, : Between the sugar and the base is a : The hydrogen bonds are relatively
glycosidic bond weak allowing DNA helicase to easily
: Between the sugar and the - break the hydrogen bonds to easily
phosphate is an ester bond unwind the two strands of the
double helix to allow for replication
: Two polynucleotide strands are held
together by hydrogen bonds between
the bases
: DNA is a large molecule, so it can
- forming 2 strands next to each other carry a lot of information
- allows DNA to form a double helix - stable due to the presence of strong
structure as the two chains twist phosphodiester bonds in the sugar-
phosphate backbone
: The two polynucleotide DNA strands
are antiparallel, they run in opposite
directions to each other
- One strand is 3’ to 5’ and the other
strand is 5’ to 3’
: Hydrogen bonds can only form
between complementary base pairs
: cytosine can only form hydrogen : Because of this complementary base
bonds with guanine (C-G) pairing, in a DNA molecule there will
: adenine can only form hydrogen always be an equal number of A and
bonds with thymine (A-T) T, and an equal number A and T
–complementary base pairing
: Adenine forms 2 H-bonds with
Thymine
: Cytosine forms 3 hydrogen bonds
with Guanine
: important to help maintain the order
of the genetic code when DNA
replicates
Structure of DNA : In DNA specifically, the pentose sugar
in the nucleotide is deoxyribose
: DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
: The nitrogen-containing base, in DNA,
can be one of four different types
: codes for the sequence of amino
: adenine, cytosine, guanine,
acids in the primary structure of a
thymine
protein
- A, C, G or T
- determines the final unique 3D
structure of the tertiary protein
– determines the structure and : The pentose sugar and phosphate
function of the protein groups form a sugar-phosphate
backbone
- very strong due to the strong
: directly determines the structure and
covalent phosphodiester bonds
function of proteins which in turn
between them that hold the polymer
determine your characteristics
together
: a polymer that is twisted into a
double helix structure
: The monomer of DNA is the
nucleotide
: A nucleotide, in general, is made up of : formed by a condensation reaction of
a pentose sugar attached to a the nucleotide monomers
nitrogenous base, and a phosphate
group : The phosphodiester bond forms
between a deoxyribose on one
nucleotide and a phosphate on an
adjacent nucleotide
- catalysed by DNA polymerase
- incredibly strong covalent bonds,
- always stays in its shape and correct
sequence, so the genetic code does
not break down
: The phosphodiester bonds are formed
between the deoxyribose (pentose)
sugar and the phosphate group
, : Between the sugar and the base is a : The hydrogen bonds are relatively
glycosidic bond weak allowing DNA helicase to easily
: Between the sugar and the - break the hydrogen bonds to easily
phosphate is an ester bond unwind the two strands of the
double helix to allow for replication
: Two polynucleotide strands are held
together by hydrogen bonds between
the bases
: DNA is a large molecule, so it can
- forming 2 strands next to each other carry a lot of information
- allows DNA to form a double helix - stable due to the presence of strong
structure as the two chains twist phosphodiester bonds in the sugar-
phosphate backbone
: The two polynucleotide DNA strands
are antiparallel, they run in opposite
directions to each other
- One strand is 3’ to 5’ and the other
strand is 5’ to 3’
: Hydrogen bonds can only form
between complementary base pairs
: cytosine can only form hydrogen : Because of this complementary base
bonds with guanine (C-G) pairing, in a DNA molecule there will
: adenine can only form hydrogen always be an equal number of A and
bonds with thymine (A-T) T, and an equal number A and T
–complementary base pairing
: Adenine forms 2 H-bonds with
Thymine
: Cytosine forms 3 hydrogen bonds
with Guanine
: important to help maintain the order
of the genetic code when DNA
replicates
