,TEST BANK FORzl zl
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
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9th Edition by Julia Rogers
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Chapter 1-49 zl
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE zl
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. zl zl zl
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. zl zl zl zl
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. zl zl zl zl zl zl
d. Cells can synthesize fats. zl zl zl
ANS: C z l
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surrou
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ndings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absor
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ption.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C z l
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of t
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he cellular DNA, and the DNA-
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binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are respons
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ible for cellular respiration and energy production.
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Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
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as the intracellular digestive system.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hy
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drogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B z l
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hy
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drogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a po
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werful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribos
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omes are RNA- zl zl
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cy
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toplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are sa
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clike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzy
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
mes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrate
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
s. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell inj
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ury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex zl
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum zl zl
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D z l
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes wi
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thin the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disr
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uption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysoso
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mal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
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digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Th
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
e Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near t
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
he cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production
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and removing toxic substances from the cell.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
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a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction zl zl zl zl zl zl
b. Secretion of cortisol zl zl
c. Increased retention of water zl zl zl
d. Breakdown of fat zl zl
ANS: C z l
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes increases
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in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakdown of fat i
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
s due to glucagon.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B z l
, The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
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between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
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= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during whic
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h RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and t
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he next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as re
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ceptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
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a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C z l
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding cell membranes toget
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her. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in cellular protection
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and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug th zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
erapy for which human diseases? zl zl zl zl
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders zl zl zl
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders zl zl zl
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders zl zl zl
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders zl zl zl
ANS: B z l
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug interventizl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ons. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, including cancer
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, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, renal, an
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d endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
9. Which structure prevents water- zl zl zl
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
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a. Carbohydrate chains zl
b. Glycoprotein channels zl
c. Membrane channel proteins zl zl
d. Lipid bilayer zl
ANS: D z l
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
9th Edition by Julia Rogers
zl zl zl zl zl
Chapter 1-49 zl
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
zl zl zl
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
zl zl zl zl zl zl
MULTIPLE CHOICE zl
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. zl zl zl
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. zl zl zl zl
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. zl zl zl zl zl zl
d. Cells can synthesize fats. zl zl zl
ANS: C z l
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surrou
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ndings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absor
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ption.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C z l
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of t
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
he cellular DNA, and the DNA-
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binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are respons
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ible for cellular respiration and energy production.
zl zl zl zl zl zl
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
as the intracellular digestive system.
zl zl zl zl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hy
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
drogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B z l
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hy
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
drogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a po
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
werful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribos
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
omes are RNA- zl zl
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cy
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
toplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are sa
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
clike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzy
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
mes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrate
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
s. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell inj
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex zl
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum zl zl
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D z l
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes wi
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
thin the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disr
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
uption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysoso
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
mal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Th
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
e Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near t
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
he cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
and removing toxic substances from the cell.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
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a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction zl zl zl zl zl zl
b. Secretion of cortisol zl zl
c. Increased retention of water zl zl zl
d. Breakdown of fat zl zl
ANS: C z l
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes increases
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH. Breakdown of fat i
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
s due to glucagon.
zl zl zl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B z l
, The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during whic
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
h RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and t
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
he next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as re
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ceptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
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a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C z l
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding cell membranes toget
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
her. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in cellular protection
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug th zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
erapy for which human diseases? zl zl zl zl
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders zl zl zl
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders zl zl zl
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders zl zl zl
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders zl zl zl
ANS: B z l
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug interventizl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ons. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, including cancer
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, renal, an
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
d endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering zl zl
9. Which structure prevents water- zl zl zl
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
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a. Carbohydrate chains zl
b. Glycoprotein channels zl
c. Membrane channel proteins zl zl
d. Lipid bilayer zl
ANS: D z l
