CRJ 104 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
criminal justice - Answers system that comprises institutions, policies, and practices to try to
maintain social control and deter crime through sanctions and rehabilitation
law enforcement, courts, and corrections - Answers 3 components of criminal justice system
crime - Answers breaking of a laws for which the criminal justice system or some other
governing authority prescribes punishment
mala en se - Answers behavior that is immoral and inherently wrong by nature
mala prohibita - Answers behavior that is prohibited by law
justifiable homicide - Answers lawful and intentional taking of another's life: in self defense, war,
assisted suicide
castle doctrine - Answers homeowners are no longer required to retreat if threatened by an
intruder.
adultery - Answers sex by a married person with someone other than his or her spouse
decriminalization - Answers ending or reducing criminal penalties associated with some
behaviors
rape - Answers crime considered mala en se
includes penetration no matter how slight in the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or
ora penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim
crime control - Answers freedom is so important that every effort must bed made to reduce
crime
interest for the state
goals: deter crime, protect public
due process - Answers freedom is so important that every effort must be made to ensure the
decisions are fair/reliable based on formal laws and proceedings
interests for the people
goals: protect persons against powers of the state
discretion - Answers ability of individuals in the criminal justice system to make operational
decisions based on personal judgement instead of formal rules or official information
informal justice system
, wedding cake model - Answers model that revels discretion comes to bear depending on the
relative importance of a particular case to the decision makers
misdemeanors - Answers 1st layer of wedding cake model
celebrated cases - Answers top layer of wedding cake model
UCR - Answers provides reliable information on committed crimes reported to laws
enforcement
UCR - Answers split into 2 categories of part 1 and part 2 crimes
UCR - Answers mandatory database that covers all 50 states
UCR - Answers database that uses hierarchy rule
NIBRS - Answers database that gather information on reported crimes with info about
nature/type of crime, victims and offends, stolen property, characteristics about arrested
individuals
NIBRS - Answers voluntary database that covers 23 states
NIBRS - Answers classifies crimes into group A & B crimes
NIBRS - Answers databased that does not use hierarchy rule to collect reported data
NCVS - Answers nation's primary source of information about frequency, characteristics, and
consequences of violent victimization
NCVS - Answers information that delves deeper into the dark figure of crime through surveys
NCVS - Answers survey administered every 6 months for 3 years
Self report - Answers surveys that ask respondent to tell about their own criminal activity and
also helps measure the dark figure of crime
biological theory - Answers theory that discusses biochemical imbalances or genetic make up
psychological theory - Answers disorders may affect criminal behavior
psychoanalytic theory
PTSD
psychopathy
sociological theory - Answers social and physical environment can encourage criminal behavior
social disorganization - Answers crime is learned through associations with criminal definitions
criminal justice - Answers system that comprises institutions, policies, and practices to try to
maintain social control and deter crime through sanctions and rehabilitation
law enforcement, courts, and corrections - Answers 3 components of criminal justice system
crime - Answers breaking of a laws for which the criminal justice system or some other
governing authority prescribes punishment
mala en se - Answers behavior that is immoral and inherently wrong by nature
mala prohibita - Answers behavior that is prohibited by law
justifiable homicide - Answers lawful and intentional taking of another's life: in self defense, war,
assisted suicide
castle doctrine - Answers homeowners are no longer required to retreat if threatened by an
intruder.
adultery - Answers sex by a married person with someone other than his or her spouse
decriminalization - Answers ending or reducing criminal penalties associated with some
behaviors
rape - Answers crime considered mala en se
includes penetration no matter how slight in the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or
ora penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim
crime control - Answers freedom is so important that every effort must bed made to reduce
crime
interest for the state
goals: deter crime, protect public
due process - Answers freedom is so important that every effort must be made to ensure the
decisions are fair/reliable based on formal laws and proceedings
interests for the people
goals: protect persons against powers of the state
discretion - Answers ability of individuals in the criminal justice system to make operational
decisions based on personal judgement instead of formal rules or official information
informal justice system
, wedding cake model - Answers model that revels discretion comes to bear depending on the
relative importance of a particular case to the decision makers
misdemeanors - Answers 1st layer of wedding cake model
celebrated cases - Answers top layer of wedding cake model
UCR - Answers provides reliable information on committed crimes reported to laws
enforcement
UCR - Answers split into 2 categories of part 1 and part 2 crimes
UCR - Answers mandatory database that covers all 50 states
UCR - Answers database that uses hierarchy rule
NIBRS - Answers database that gather information on reported crimes with info about
nature/type of crime, victims and offends, stolen property, characteristics about arrested
individuals
NIBRS - Answers voluntary database that covers 23 states
NIBRS - Answers classifies crimes into group A & B crimes
NIBRS - Answers databased that does not use hierarchy rule to collect reported data
NCVS - Answers nation's primary source of information about frequency, characteristics, and
consequences of violent victimization
NCVS - Answers information that delves deeper into the dark figure of crime through surveys
NCVS - Answers survey administered every 6 months for 3 years
Self report - Answers surveys that ask respondent to tell about their own criminal activity and
also helps measure the dark figure of crime
biological theory - Answers theory that discusses biochemical imbalances or genetic make up
psychological theory - Answers disorders may affect criminal behavior
psychoanalytic theory
PTSD
psychopathy
sociological theory - Answers social and physical environment can encourage criminal behavior
social disorganization - Answers crime is learned through associations with criminal definitions
