McConnell Socy 1000- Exam 2 Study
Guide Questions with Correct
Answers 2025/2026 Updated.
What was the social, economic, and political organization of the Premodern world? - Answer
Feudalism
Tönnies saw that the contract represents the characteristics of what kind of society? - Answer
Gesellschaft
What philosophy observes directly the laws by which things work? - Answer Positivism
In what kind of society do individuals base their decisions on thought and reason? - Answer
Modern
When people in a society no longer believe in supernatural beings, there is what? - Answer
Secularism
Sociologists generally describe the world before the sixteenth century as what? - Answer
Premodern
Tönnies called premodern society what? - Answer Gemeinschaft
Who developed the philosophy of positivism? - Answer Comte
What kind of society developed in northwestern Europe between the sixteenth and nineteenth
centuries? - Answer Modern
The following quote describes a kind of society Tönnies called what? "[E]verybody is by himself
and isolated, and there exists a condition of tension against all others. Their spheres of activity
are sharply separated, so that everybody refuses to everyone else contact with and admittance
to his sphere; i.e., intrusions are regarded as hostile acts. . . . . Nobody wants to grant and
produce anything for another individual, nor will he be inclined to give ungrudgingly to another
individual, if it be not in exchange for a gift or labor equivalent that he considers at least equal
to what he has given." - Answer Gesellschaft
, T/F The population of modern society is more concentrated in urban centers. - Answer True
T/F Relationships in Gesellschaft are more often short-term. - Answer True
T/F August Comte is often called the "father of sociology?" - Answer True
T/F Feudal society was industrial. - Answer False; AGRICULTURAL
T/F Thought and action in modern society follow authority - Answer False
What are seven major changes which came with the modern world? - Answer 1. Capitalism
(people get rich by selling products on a market- capitalists get rich by exploiting labor); 2.
Industry (People don not grow own food- industrialization was the final step of modernization;
3. Urbanization (world of cities- concentration of people in areas); 4. Democracy (Political power
diffused among the population- people have power in modern world); 5. Reason (new kind of
person is a thinking person who follows reason instead of blindly following authority); 6.
Secularism (Religion is getting kicked out in modern society- devoid of anything supernatural-
churches have less power and influence); 7. Science (now knowledge must be scientific before it
is accepted; based on empirical observation and measurements)
How would sociology follow the philosophy of positivism? - Answer The concept of
positivism is direct observation to develop laws or principles of society. Auguste Comte modeled
sociology after physics. He called this Social Physics. The social world is similar to the physical
world. Comte believed societies happened in a regular way so they could be observed and then
you could develop laws and principles. To discover the law or principles by which society would
ideally work and those by which society evolves. To direct the organization and operation of
society and the course of societal change according to these ideal laws and principles
At an early phase of its history, the proletariat will destroy machines rather that confront the
bourgeoisie because it is in a condition of what? - Answer False consciousness
Marx and Engels described the state in capitalist society as what? - Answer Executive
Committee of the Bourgeoisie
When the proletariat begins to act as a body in its own interests against the bourgeoisie, what
does it have? - Answer Class Consciousness
Guide Questions with Correct
Answers 2025/2026 Updated.
What was the social, economic, and political organization of the Premodern world? - Answer
Feudalism
Tönnies saw that the contract represents the characteristics of what kind of society? - Answer
Gesellschaft
What philosophy observes directly the laws by which things work? - Answer Positivism
In what kind of society do individuals base their decisions on thought and reason? - Answer
Modern
When people in a society no longer believe in supernatural beings, there is what? - Answer
Secularism
Sociologists generally describe the world before the sixteenth century as what? - Answer
Premodern
Tönnies called premodern society what? - Answer Gemeinschaft
Who developed the philosophy of positivism? - Answer Comte
What kind of society developed in northwestern Europe between the sixteenth and nineteenth
centuries? - Answer Modern
The following quote describes a kind of society Tönnies called what? "[E]verybody is by himself
and isolated, and there exists a condition of tension against all others. Their spheres of activity
are sharply separated, so that everybody refuses to everyone else contact with and admittance
to his sphere; i.e., intrusions are regarded as hostile acts. . . . . Nobody wants to grant and
produce anything for another individual, nor will he be inclined to give ungrudgingly to another
individual, if it be not in exchange for a gift or labor equivalent that he considers at least equal
to what he has given." - Answer Gesellschaft
, T/F The population of modern society is more concentrated in urban centers. - Answer True
T/F Relationships in Gesellschaft are more often short-term. - Answer True
T/F August Comte is often called the "father of sociology?" - Answer True
T/F Feudal society was industrial. - Answer False; AGRICULTURAL
T/F Thought and action in modern society follow authority - Answer False
What are seven major changes which came with the modern world? - Answer 1. Capitalism
(people get rich by selling products on a market- capitalists get rich by exploiting labor); 2.
Industry (People don not grow own food- industrialization was the final step of modernization;
3. Urbanization (world of cities- concentration of people in areas); 4. Democracy (Political power
diffused among the population- people have power in modern world); 5. Reason (new kind of
person is a thinking person who follows reason instead of blindly following authority); 6.
Secularism (Religion is getting kicked out in modern society- devoid of anything supernatural-
churches have less power and influence); 7. Science (now knowledge must be scientific before it
is accepted; based on empirical observation and measurements)
How would sociology follow the philosophy of positivism? - Answer The concept of
positivism is direct observation to develop laws or principles of society. Auguste Comte modeled
sociology after physics. He called this Social Physics. The social world is similar to the physical
world. Comte believed societies happened in a regular way so they could be observed and then
you could develop laws and principles. To discover the law or principles by which society would
ideally work and those by which society evolves. To direct the organization and operation of
society and the course of societal change according to these ideal laws and principles
At an early phase of its history, the proletariat will destroy machines rather that confront the
bourgeoisie because it is in a condition of what? - Answer False consciousness
Marx and Engels described the state in capitalist society as what? - Answer Executive
Committee of the Bourgeoisie
When the proletariat begins to act as a body in its own interests against the bourgeoisie, what
does it have? - Answer Class Consciousness
