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Class notes

Class notes PHGY209

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this is in depth notes for phgy209 or mammalian physiology 1 course taught in McGill university in anatomy and cell biology major.

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Uploaded on
December 24, 2025
Number of pages
92
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Melissa vollrath, alvin shrier, dr. ragsdale
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Lecture1 Homeostatis
physiology studyofnormalfunctionalactivitiesinhealthylivingorganism

Basiccellfunctions unicellularorganism



takein nutrients or Had ptsd
takeout waste cos
thatlivesinthepondwater

multicellurorganism



p

iiiiiiTii
IE
i iiiiii
remainsrelativelyconstantunderconditionsofhealth



9 dynamicconstancy
waitercannon

dynamic
meansmoving
soamountenters amountgetsout sooverallconstantamount




5179a aredirectedatmaintainingoptimalandrelativelyconstantinaconditist




Pomeostatically
factorsthatmustbe controlled
concentrationofnutrientmolecules
concentrationof ozandcoz
concentrationofwasteproducts
concentrationofelectrolytes




pressure


failuretomaintainHomeostatisdisruptsnormalfunction disease



volume
distribution
characteristics
functions

water
mostabundantsingleconstituentofthebody

, iiiin inion
anence
helpfulbecause regulatesbody
temp



4protectsbodyorgansandtissues
spreventconstipation
6 lessensburdenonkidneysandliverbyflushingwaste
7 dissolvemineralsandnutrients
8 carriesnutrientsandoxygentocells

1 ofwaterinvarioustissues

mn
brainkidney 701 80

set Yamount
fromoneindividualtoanotheriswhatcontributestodifferences intotalbodywater
ofadiposetissue
scary

wateras proportionoftotalbodymass




medium eat skinny awaterstat

Cowater

neat
ifbodywatercontentiscomputedasafractionofleanbodymass excludingeat differencesbetweenindividualsbecomeinsignifica
4waterlivesinmusclesnotfat soif weonlycountthemusclepart everyone'smuscleisalmostthesameamountwater sodiffbetweenp

o.at
etiiiiingii iiiii g i imiia
wateras aproportion




nonoditteronebetweenindividuals

re


eightbodyfat

andsex
variationsinbodywaterwithage




asweageourtissuestendtobecomearier
weloosemusclewhichisreplacedbyconnectivetissuedrierthanmuscles
needtoknowthosestandardreferenceindividual
values
Tage
bells adipose
increase
for
peat
in
water
women puberty restrogen fat swater
thanmen

, Bodywateras oftotalbodymass




calculations ofbodywater


iii amiintowa.it is

e
iii ai.in wati i s ug so

whyis itimptoknowbodywater 1
simpwhenadministeringwatersolublemedication

Ñ
cex nokgmale421water 42,000mi
Later
on n I
itnnnitswomsbcaosingigpgiip p
10042.000 00024mg me 2.4µgme
t
needtobeabletoconvertunits
ex 29µg 29 1069



m
Eatersex come
goinggapinggag ppgmg g
finalconcentrationinbody gmmi
10035,000 0.0029mgme 2angmL y
air ex water
gain in c in
finalconcentrationinbody
105250 sovoiangme 1.9µgmL

Bodywaterremainsconstant inhealth
3dynamicsteadystate

waterBalance




hour
bodyproduce

oniffry
losses exrise ofwaterday required inputneedsto output

si ii evaporation




iiiiiiiis.es ariiiiiaitiie aii inaiiiainbalances

ianiianei
naa.pe
Teyhomeostatisorgan waterbalance
for
neitherfacultativenorobligatory butis anoutput
Intensible
perspiration us sweating
1purewater on
2passiveevaporation
affectedbyambient temp 3 sweatglands
relativehumidity

, y
3 entireskinsurface 4 activatedbyheavyworkoratemp
presenteveninindividuals
lackingsweatglands
4 continuousandobligatory
7


meeeetitienname.miiÉÉiÉÉÉÉÉii ii É
i Éd
cnu
Normallyindividuals are in waterbalance 2L
adult over24hourswaterturnoveris 3 47oftotalbodyweight

Bodywatervolumeis constantunderconditionsofhealth
helpsmaintain normal solutes adeauatesupplyofO2totissues
normalbloodvolumeandpressure

Balancewaterloss waterintake
Negativewater


1 e
from
gutlikediarrhea

lie Eliedair exdryairathighaltitudes

waterintoxication waterintakewaterloss
keepupcwin
can't dilutetheelectrolytes
s I april5th's.iq
lecture2
variationsofbodywaterarelargelyduetoamountofadiposetissuebodyeat
Bodywater compartments
TotalBodywater 60 ofbodymass
compartmentsdifferin size
volume
composition
function
watermovefreelybetween compartments
NOTrigidlyisolatedchambers water moveconstantlybetweensub
components

compartmentsarecontinuouslyinteractingindynamisfashionwithwaterexchangingfreelybetweenthem
amajorBodywater compartments
1 intracellularfluid see 23 allwaterinsideallcellsofbody
2 extracellularfluid Ecf S 3 fluidssurroundcellsofbody hasthesub
compa

majorsubcompartments

Ea.imiii iiiiiiiiuenaea In amountorfefer




in in

heaviestcomponent

as ceramontes

takeninbloodtests

normalvalueforindividual 451


someoneisanemic
whether
indicator

name

any
their
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