Lilly Ghozlan
KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE
INHOUD
Les 1: inleiding in de klp............................................................................................................................. 8
1. Definiëring ......................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1 De term klinisch ........................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Definitie ....................................................................................................................................... 8
2. Normaal – abnormaal ........................................................................................................................ 9
2.1 Onderscheid: wat is afwijkend? ..................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Definitie psychische stoornis .......................................................................................................10
2.3 Modellen.....................................................................................................................................10
3. Populatie ..........................................................................................................................................12
3.1 Epidemologisch onderzoek ..........................................................................................................12
3.2 Prevalentie psychische stoornissen ..............................................................................................12
4. Taken: niet te kennen ........................................................................................................................13
Les 2: inleiding psychopathologie .............................................................................................................13
1. Inleiding ...........................................................................................................................................13
1.1 Omschrijving en situering .............................................................................................................13
1.2 Normaliteit vs pathologie .............................................................................................................13
1.3 Begrippen ...............................................................................................................................14
2. Classificatie .....................................................................................................................................15
2.1 Betekenis van classificatie ...........................................................................................................15
2.2 DSM & ICD ..................................................................................................................................15
3. Kenmerken .......................................................................................................................................16
3.1 DSM-5(-TR) categorieën ...............................................................................................................16
3.2 Belangrijke veranderingen DSM-5(-TR) ..........................................................................................17
3.3 DSM-5(-TR) blijft bron van controverse ..........................................................................................17
3.4 opbouw DSM-5(-TR) .....................................................................................................................18
4. Diagnostiek (beoordelingsmethoden) ................................................................................................20
4.1 Klinisch interview ........................................................................................................................20
4.2 Psychologische tests ...................................................................................................................20
4.3 Neuropsychologisch onderzoek ...................................................................................................20
4.4 gedragsbeoordeling .....................................................................................................................22
,Lilly Ghozlan
4.5 Fysiologische beoordeling/beeldvorming ......................................................................................22
5. Classificate van symptomen .............................................................................................................22
5.1 Expressie & motoriek ...................................................................................................................22
5.2 Bewustzijn ..................................................................................................................................24
5.3 Zelfbeleving ................................................................................................................................24
5.4 Waarneming ...............................................................................................................................25
5.5 Denken & geheugen .....................................................................................................................25
5.6 Gevoelens & verlangen ................................................................................................................25
Les 3: Klinisch psychologische theorieën en psychotherapeutische stromingen ..........................................28
1. Psychoanalytische theorie ................................................................................................................28
1.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................29
1.2 Achtergrond ................................................................................................................................29
1.3 bewust en onbewust....................................................................................................................29
1.4 Persoonlijkheidstheorie ...............................................................................................................31
1.5 Ontwikkelingsfasen .....................................................................................................................31
1.6 Afweermechanismen ...................................................................................................................32
1.7 Andere grote namen ....................................................................................................................32
2. Behandeling .....................................................................................................................................34
2.1 Ontwikkeling ...............................................................................................................................34
2.2 Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................36
2.3 Therapie......................................................................................................................................37
2.4 Effectstudies ...............................................................................................................................39
Les 4: cognitieve theorie en therapie .........................................................................................................39
1. Cognitieve theorie .............................................................................................................................39
1.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................39
1.2 Ellis ........................................................................................................................................39
1.3 Beck .......................................................................................................................................40
1.4 schema’s ................................................................................................................................42
2. Cognitieve therapie ...........................................................................................................................43
2.1 Ontwikkeling ...............................................................................................................................43
2.2 Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................43
2.3 Therapie......................................................................................................................................45
2.4 Effect .....................................................................................................................................47
Les 5: leertheorie & gedragstherapie .........................................................................................................48
,Lilly Ghozlan
1. Leertheorie .......................................................................................................................................48
1.1 Achtergronden ............................................................................................................................48
1.2 Klassieke leerparadigma ..............................................................................................................48
1.3 Operante leerparadigma ..............................................................................................................50
1.4 Sociale leertheorie ......................................................................................................................53
2. Gedragstherapie ...............................................................................................................................53
2.1 Ontwikkeling ...............................................................................................................................53
2.2 Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................53
2.3 Therapie: klassieke component ....................................................................................................54
2.4 Therapie: operante component ....................................................................................................56
Les 6: systeemtheorie en -therapie ...........................................................................................................58
1. Systeemtheorie ................................................................................................................................58
1.1 Algemene systeemtheorie ............................................................................................................58
1.2 Communicatietheorie ..................................................................................................................59
1.3 Structurele benadering ................................................................................................................61
1.4 Contextuele benadering ...............................................................................................................64
2. Systeemtherapie ..............................................................................................................................65
2.1 Ontwikkeling ...............................................................................................................................65
2.2 Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................65
2.3 Therapie......................................................................................................................................66
2.4 Effect ..........................................................................................................................................68
Les 7: biologisch perspectief & psychofarmacologie ..................................................................................70
1. Biologisch perspectief.......................................................................................................................70
1.1 Black-box metafoor .....................................................................................................................70
1.2 Macroscopischce benadering ......................................................................................................71
1.3 Microscopische benadering .........................................................................................................71
2. Psychofarmacologie .........................................................................................................................74
2.1 Farmacokinetiek .........................................................................................................................74
2.2 Farmacotherapie .........................................................................................................................76
2.3 Antipsychotica ............................................................................................................................77
2.4 Antidepressiva ............................................................................................................................78
2.5 Anxiolytica ..................................................................................................................................79
Les 8: ervaringsgerichte theorie en therapie ...............................................................................................82
1. Ervaringsgerichte theorie ...................................................................................................................82
, Lilly Ghozlan
1.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................82
1.2 Client-centered theory van Rogers ................................................................................................82
1.3 Motivatietheorie van Maslow ........................................................................................................83
1.4 Laing...........................................................................................................................................85
1.5 Perls: Gestalt-theorie...................................................................................................................85
2. Ervaringsgerichte therapie .................................................................................................................85
2.1 Ontwikkeling ...............................................................................................................................85
2.2 Diagnostiek: klassieke cliëntgerichte therapie ...............................................................................86
2.3 Therapie......................................................................................................................................87
2.4 Effectstudies ...............................................................................................................................87
Les 9 en 10: stemmingsstoornissen ..........................................................................................................88
1. Inleiding stemming en emotie ............................................................................................................88
2. Depressieve stoornisesn (unipolaire stoornissen) ...............................................................................88
2.1 Depressieve stoornis in DSM-5 .....................................................................................................90
2.2 Persisterende depressieve stoornis in DSM-5 ................................................................................91
2.3 Premensturele stemmingsstoornis in DSM-5.................................................................................93
2.4 Disruptieve stemmingsdisregeulatiestoornis ................................................................................93
3. Bipolaire stoornissen (stemmingswisselingsstoornissen) ....................................................................93
4. Prevalentie .......................................................................................................................................96
5. Oorzaken..........................................................................................................................................96
6. Behandeling .....................................................................................................................................98
7. Suïcidaliteit .................................................................................................................................... 100
Les 11: angststoornissen ........................................................................................................................ 103
1. Hoe ontstaat angst? ........................................................................................................................ 103
2. Hoe ontstaan angstklachten? .......................................................................................................... 104
3. Angststoornissen bij volwassenen ................................................................................................... 105
3.1 Agorafobie ................................................................................................................................ 105
3.2 Gegeneraliseerde angsstoornis .................................................................................................. 107
3.3 Obsessieve-compulsieve stoornis .............................................................................................. 108
3.4 Paniekstoornis .......................................................................................................................... 109
3.5 Sociale angststoornis ................................................................................................................ 112
3.6 Separatieangststoornis .............................................................................................................. 112
3.7 Specifieke fobie ......................................................................................................................... 113
4. Bijkomende angststoornissen bij kinderen ....................................................................................... 114
KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE
INHOUD
Les 1: inleiding in de klp............................................................................................................................. 8
1. Definiëring ......................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1 De term klinisch ........................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Definitie ....................................................................................................................................... 8
2. Normaal – abnormaal ........................................................................................................................ 9
2.1 Onderscheid: wat is afwijkend? ..................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Definitie psychische stoornis .......................................................................................................10
2.3 Modellen.....................................................................................................................................10
3. Populatie ..........................................................................................................................................12
3.1 Epidemologisch onderzoek ..........................................................................................................12
3.2 Prevalentie psychische stoornissen ..............................................................................................12
4. Taken: niet te kennen ........................................................................................................................13
Les 2: inleiding psychopathologie .............................................................................................................13
1. Inleiding ...........................................................................................................................................13
1.1 Omschrijving en situering .............................................................................................................13
1.2 Normaliteit vs pathologie .............................................................................................................13
1.3 Begrippen ...............................................................................................................................14
2. Classificatie .....................................................................................................................................15
2.1 Betekenis van classificatie ...........................................................................................................15
2.2 DSM & ICD ..................................................................................................................................15
3. Kenmerken .......................................................................................................................................16
3.1 DSM-5(-TR) categorieën ...............................................................................................................16
3.2 Belangrijke veranderingen DSM-5(-TR) ..........................................................................................17
3.3 DSM-5(-TR) blijft bron van controverse ..........................................................................................17
3.4 opbouw DSM-5(-TR) .....................................................................................................................18
4. Diagnostiek (beoordelingsmethoden) ................................................................................................20
4.1 Klinisch interview ........................................................................................................................20
4.2 Psychologische tests ...................................................................................................................20
4.3 Neuropsychologisch onderzoek ...................................................................................................20
4.4 gedragsbeoordeling .....................................................................................................................22
,Lilly Ghozlan
4.5 Fysiologische beoordeling/beeldvorming ......................................................................................22
5. Classificate van symptomen .............................................................................................................22
5.1 Expressie & motoriek ...................................................................................................................22
5.2 Bewustzijn ..................................................................................................................................24
5.3 Zelfbeleving ................................................................................................................................24
5.4 Waarneming ...............................................................................................................................25
5.5 Denken & geheugen .....................................................................................................................25
5.6 Gevoelens & verlangen ................................................................................................................25
Les 3: Klinisch psychologische theorieën en psychotherapeutische stromingen ..........................................28
1. Psychoanalytische theorie ................................................................................................................28
1.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................29
1.2 Achtergrond ................................................................................................................................29
1.3 bewust en onbewust....................................................................................................................29
1.4 Persoonlijkheidstheorie ...............................................................................................................31
1.5 Ontwikkelingsfasen .....................................................................................................................31
1.6 Afweermechanismen ...................................................................................................................32
1.7 Andere grote namen ....................................................................................................................32
2. Behandeling .....................................................................................................................................34
2.1 Ontwikkeling ...............................................................................................................................34
2.2 Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................36
2.3 Therapie......................................................................................................................................37
2.4 Effectstudies ...............................................................................................................................39
Les 4: cognitieve theorie en therapie .........................................................................................................39
1. Cognitieve theorie .............................................................................................................................39
1.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................39
1.2 Ellis ........................................................................................................................................39
1.3 Beck .......................................................................................................................................40
1.4 schema’s ................................................................................................................................42
2. Cognitieve therapie ...........................................................................................................................43
2.1 Ontwikkeling ...............................................................................................................................43
2.2 Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................43
2.3 Therapie......................................................................................................................................45
2.4 Effect .....................................................................................................................................47
Les 5: leertheorie & gedragstherapie .........................................................................................................48
,Lilly Ghozlan
1. Leertheorie .......................................................................................................................................48
1.1 Achtergronden ............................................................................................................................48
1.2 Klassieke leerparadigma ..............................................................................................................48
1.3 Operante leerparadigma ..............................................................................................................50
1.4 Sociale leertheorie ......................................................................................................................53
2. Gedragstherapie ...............................................................................................................................53
2.1 Ontwikkeling ...............................................................................................................................53
2.2 Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................53
2.3 Therapie: klassieke component ....................................................................................................54
2.4 Therapie: operante component ....................................................................................................56
Les 6: systeemtheorie en -therapie ...........................................................................................................58
1. Systeemtheorie ................................................................................................................................58
1.1 Algemene systeemtheorie ............................................................................................................58
1.2 Communicatietheorie ..................................................................................................................59
1.3 Structurele benadering ................................................................................................................61
1.4 Contextuele benadering ...............................................................................................................64
2. Systeemtherapie ..............................................................................................................................65
2.1 Ontwikkeling ...............................................................................................................................65
2.2 Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................65
2.3 Therapie......................................................................................................................................66
2.4 Effect ..........................................................................................................................................68
Les 7: biologisch perspectief & psychofarmacologie ..................................................................................70
1. Biologisch perspectief.......................................................................................................................70
1.1 Black-box metafoor .....................................................................................................................70
1.2 Macroscopischce benadering ......................................................................................................71
1.3 Microscopische benadering .........................................................................................................71
2. Psychofarmacologie .........................................................................................................................74
2.1 Farmacokinetiek .........................................................................................................................74
2.2 Farmacotherapie .........................................................................................................................76
2.3 Antipsychotica ............................................................................................................................77
2.4 Antidepressiva ............................................................................................................................78
2.5 Anxiolytica ..................................................................................................................................79
Les 8: ervaringsgerichte theorie en therapie ...............................................................................................82
1. Ervaringsgerichte theorie ...................................................................................................................82
, Lilly Ghozlan
1.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................82
1.2 Client-centered theory van Rogers ................................................................................................82
1.3 Motivatietheorie van Maslow ........................................................................................................83
1.4 Laing...........................................................................................................................................85
1.5 Perls: Gestalt-theorie...................................................................................................................85
2. Ervaringsgerichte therapie .................................................................................................................85
2.1 Ontwikkeling ...............................................................................................................................85
2.2 Diagnostiek: klassieke cliëntgerichte therapie ...............................................................................86
2.3 Therapie......................................................................................................................................87
2.4 Effectstudies ...............................................................................................................................87
Les 9 en 10: stemmingsstoornissen ..........................................................................................................88
1. Inleiding stemming en emotie ............................................................................................................88
2. Depressieve stoornisesn (unipolaire stoornissen) ...............................................................................88
2.1 Depressieve stoornis in DSM-5 .....................................................................................................90
2.2 Persisterende depressieve stoornis in DSM-5 ................................................................................91
2.3 Premensturele stemmingsstoornis in DSM-5.................................................................................93
2.4 Disruptieve stemmingsdisregeulatiestoornis ................................................................................93
3. Bipolaire stoornissen (stemmingswisselingsstoornissen) ....................................................................93
4. Prevalentie .......................................................................................................................................96
5. Oorzaken..........................................................................................................................................96
6. Behandeling .....................................................................................................................................98
7. Suïcidaliteit .................................................................................................................................... 100
Les 11: angststoornissen ........................................................................................................................ 103
1. Hoe ontstaat angst? ........................................................................................................................ 103
2. Hoe ontstaan angstklachten? .......................................................................................................... 104
3. Angststoornissen bij volwassenen ................................................................................................... 105
3.1 Agorafobie ................................................................................................................................ 105
3.2 Gegeneraliseerde angsstoornis .................................................................................................. 107
3.3 Obsessieve-compulsieve stoornis .............................................................................................. 108
3.4 Paniekstoornis .......................................................................................................................... 109
3.5 Sociale angststoornis ................................................................................................................ 112
3.6 Separatieangststoornis .............................................................................................................. 112
3.7 Specifieke fobie ......................................................................................................................... 113
4. Bijkomende angststoornissen bij kinderen ....................................................................................... 114
