PHIL-340 - MID TERM.
Trusted by students across multiple disciplines!
Anthropocentric - Answer: ~ The view that the criterion for direct moral considerability
(or having inherent worth) is being a member of the species Homo sapiens.
~ Human-centered orientation of ethics.
Deep Ecology - Answer: ~ An approach to environmental ethics that emphasizes the
interconnectedness of people with the nonhuman environment, as well as the
importance of addressing the underlying ideological and systemic causes of ecological
degradation
~ Is critical of the ascendency of faith in techno-science.
~ Highlights ways in which ideologies with a strong human-nature dichotomy can
alienate people from deep engagement with and appreciation of the natural world.
Ecofeminism - Answer: ~ A family of views that identify and challenge myopic,
gendered, and patriarchal features of Western philosophical thought regarding
nonhuman nature and animals.
~ Views that emphasize the connections between the ways in which women and
nonhuman nature are conceptualized, characterized, (mis)valued, and (mal)treated.
~ Also called ecological feminism or feminist environmental philosophy.
Ecosystem Services - Answer: ~ The benefits that ecological processes provide to
people
~ EX. :
> Water purification
> Storm surge buffering
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,> Food provision
> Soil regeneration
> Pollination
> Protection from harmful solar radiation
> Disease and pest regulation
> Carbon sequestration
> Waste disposal
> Conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen.
Environmental Ethics - Answer: ~ The part of ethics that concerns how we ought to
value and engage with nonhuman animals and the ecological environment
~ The need to improve our decisions about and interactions with the natural
environment.
Environmental Justice Movement - Answer: ~ Efforts to address the unjustified
distribution of environmental hazards, as well as the social, political, and economic
factors that give rise to it.
Ethical Theory - Answer: ~ An account of what sorts of things matter (or have value)
and how things matter (or how we ought to consider them given their value) that is
meant to give guidance for choosing well regarding actions, practices, and policies
~ The point of this is to provide guidance for choosing well regarding our actions,
practices, and policies.
Ethics - Answer: ~ Concerns how we ought to live.
~ These questions are about:
> What actions we ought to perform
> What policies we ought to adopt
> What kind of people we ought to be
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, > What sort of society we ought to have
Holism - Answer: ~ The view that in environmental ethics what has primary value (or
should be of primary concern) are ecological collectives, such as species or
ecosystems, rather than individual organisms.
Individualism - Answer: ~ The view that only individual organisms are morally
considerable, or that the rights, welfare, and good of individuals should be the primary
focus of ethical concern.
~ The idea that individuals (persons, animals, and organisms) should be the primary
focus of ethical concern.
~ The idea that individuals are what ultimately matter
~ Individual people who are thought to have rights or be due consideration.
~ This is the predominant view in Western ethical traditions.
Interpersonal Ethics - Answer: ~ The part of ethics that concerns interactions and
relationships between people.
Longitudinal Collective Action Problems - Answer: ~ Problems that arise from the
cumulative impacts of large numbers of people's seemingly insignificant actions over a
long period of time, such as global climate change and fisheries depletions.
Natural Resources - Answer: ~ Materials or substances that occur in nature and are
used by people
Non-Anthropocentrism - Answer: ~ The view that at least some nonhumans or
environmental entities possess inherent worth or other types of final value.
~ Challenges the presumption that human beings are exceptional and elevated above
the rest of nature, which is merely a resource for our use.
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
Trusted by students across multiple disciplines!
Anthropocentric - Answer: ~ The view that the criterion for direct moral considerability
(or having inherent worth) is being a member of the species Homo sapiens.
~ Human-centered orientation of ethics.
Deep Ecology - Answer: ~ An approach to environmental ethics that emphasizes the
interconnectedness of people with the nonhuman environment, as well as the
importance of addressing the underlying ideological and systemic causes of ecological
degradation
~ Is critical of the ascendency of faith in techno-science.
~ Highlights ways in which ideologies with a strong human-nature dichotomy can
alienate people from deep engagement with and appreciation of the natural world.
Ecofeminism - Answer: ~ A family of views that identify and challenge myopic,
gendered, and patriarchal features of Western philosophical thought regarding
nonhuman nature and animals.
~ Views that emphasize the connections between the ways in which women and
nonhuman nature are conceptualized, characterized, (mis)valued, and (mal)treated.
~ Also called ecological feminism or feminist environmental philosophy.
Ecosystem Services - Answer: ~ The benefits that ecological processes provide to
people
~ EX. :
> Water purification
> Storm surge buffering
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,> Food provision
> Soil regeneration
> Pollination
> Protection from harmful solar radiation
> Disease and pest regulation
> Carbon sequestration
> Waste disposal
> Conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen.
Environmental Ethics - Answer: ~ The part of ethics that concerns how we ought to
value and engage with nonhuman animals and the ecological environment
~ The need to improve our decisions about and interactions with the natural
environment.
Environmental Justice Movement - Answer: ~ Efforts to address the unjustified
distribution of environmental hazards, as well as the social, political, and economic
factors that give rise to it.
Ethical Theory - Answer: ~ An account of what sorts of things matter (or have value)
and how things matter (or how we ought to consider them given their value) that is
meant to give guidance for choosing well regarding actions, practices, and policies
~ The point of this is to provide guidance for choosing well regarding our actions,
practices, and policies.
Ethics - Answer: ~ Concerns how we ought to live.
~ These questions are about:
> What actions we ought to perform
> What policies we ought to adopt
> What kind of people we ought to be
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, > What sort of society we ought to have
Holism - Answer: ~ The view that in environmental ethics what has primary value (or
should be of primary concern) are ecological collectives, such as species or
ecosystems, rather than individual organisms.
Individualism - Answer: ~ The view that only individual organisms are morally
considerable, or that the rights, welfare, and good of individuals should be the primary
focus of ethical concern.
~ The idea that individuals (persons, animals, and organisms) should be the primary
focus of ethical concern.
~ The idea that individuals are what ultimately matter
~ Individual people who are thought to have rights or be due consideration.
~ This is the predominant view in Western ethical traditions.
Interpersonal Ethics - Answer: ~ The part of ethics that concerns interactions and
relationships between people.
Longitudinal Collective Action Problems - Answer: ~ Problems that arise from the
cumulative impacts of large numbers of people's seemingly insignificant actions over a
long period of time, such as global climate change and fisheries depletions.
Natural Resources - Answer: ~ Materials or substances that occur in nature and are
used by people
Non-Anthropocentrism - Answer: ~ The view that at least some nonhumans or
environmental entities possess inherent worth or other types of final value.
~ Challenges the presumption that human beings are exceptional and elevated above
the rest of nature, which is merely a resource for our use.
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
