TEST BANK FOR
Huether and McCances Understanding Pathophysiology 2nd Canadian Edition by Power Kean Stephanie Zettel,
Chapter 1-42
methods to reach the correct solution.Logical Reasoning: Mathematics is rooted in logical structures, and students are expected to demonstrate their ability to apply logic to prove statements or solve problems. This is espec
mathematics.Calculation and A
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. The student notices it to have supercoiled DNA wit
the student be expected to observe?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thu
observed. A prokaryotic cell contains a single circular chromosome and lacks organelles.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Nucleus TOP: Physiological Integrity
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing
absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to produce energy is respiration. Communication involves maintenance of a steady dy
metabolic absorption provides cellular nutrition, and secretion allows for the delivery or release of new
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Cellular Functions
TOP: Physiological Integrity
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
a. Peroxisomes
b. Ribosomes
c. The nucleolus
d. Suspended in nucleoplasm
ANS: D
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, is the nucleoplasm contained within the nucleus. T
within the nucleus, is largely composed of ribosomes. Peroxisomes contain digestive enzymes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Nucleus TOP: Physiological Integrity
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral membrane
bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the ou
Glycoproteins act as cell identifiers.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Membrane Composition
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Extracellular Matrix
TOP: Physiological Integrity
7. What type of connection allows for cellular communication?
a. Belt desmosome
b. Gap junction
c. Spot desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: B
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junction
communication.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Specialized Cells Junction
TOP: Physiological Integrity
prepares students for legal practice, with specializations that may include constitutional law, criminal law, corporate law, human rights law,
or intellectual property law.2.2. Structure of Law ExamsLaw
methods to reach the correct solution.Logical Reasoning: Mathematics is rooted in logical structures, and students are expected to demonstrate their ability to apply logic to prove statements or solve problems. This is espec
mathematics.Calculation and A
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighbouring alpha cells
of which of the following signalling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signalling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroy
case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve signal
local chemical mediator like insulin.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction
TOP: Physiological Integrity
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the react
not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Cellular Metabolism
TOP: Physiological Integrity
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which their muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete a
happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are involved in
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Role of Adenosine Triphosphate
TOP: Physiological Integrity
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
,13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
muscle performance?
a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobic glycolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
ANS: C
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The electron-transport chain is part of the ci
glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. It is not part of muscle performance.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Oxidative Phosphorylation
TOP: Physiological Integrity
prepares students for legal practice, with specializations that may include constitutional law, criminal law, corporate law, human rights law, or
intellectual property law.2.2. Structure of Law ExamsLaw
14. A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute from an
concentration. Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Active transport
ANS: B
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an area
concentration through a permeable membrane. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermea
of higher water concentration to one of lower concentration. Hydrostatic pressure is the force of fluid a
active transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
REF: Passive Transport: Diffusion, Filtration, and Osmosis TOP: Physiological Integrity
methods to reach the correct solution.Logical Reasoning: Mathematics is rooted in logical structures, and students are expected to demonstrate their ability to apply logic to prove statements or solve problem
mathematics.Calculation and A
15. Which description accurately describes electrolytes?
a. Small lipid-soluble molecules
b. Large protein molecules
c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP
d. Electrically charged molecules
ANS: D
Electrolytes are electrically charged molecules. They are not lipid soluble, they are not made up of prot
role in ATP production.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Electrolytes as Solutes
TOP: Physiological Integrity
16. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (co
determined by:
a. diffusion rate.
b. plasma proteins.
c. hydrostatic pressure.
d. the availability of membrane transporter proteins.
ANS: B
Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins. Diffusion involves the mov
Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel moving in opposition to oncotic pressure. Membrane t
involved in active transport within a concentration gradient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
REF: Passive Transport: Diffusion, Filtration, and Osmosis TOP: Physiological Integrity
, 18. A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the inte
capillary. What mechanical force is involved with this movement?
a. Hydrostatic pressure
b. Osmosis
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport
ANS: A
Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25–30 mm Hg, which is sufficient force
capillary membranes into the interstitial space. Osmosis involves the movement of fluid from an area o
area of lower concentration. It does not involve pressure or force. Diffusion is the passive movement o
higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration. Active transport involves moveme
gradient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
REF: Passive Transport: Diffusion, Filtration, and Osmosis TOP: Physiological Integrity
prepares students for legal practice, with specializations that may include constitutional law, criminal law, corporate law, human rights law, or intellectual property law.2.2. Structure of Law ExamsLaw
methods to reach the correct solution.Logical Reasoning: Mathematics is rooted in logical structures, and students are expected to demonstrate their ability to apply logic to prove statements or solve proble
mathematics.Calculation and A
19. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
a. By passive electrolyte channels
b. By coupled channels
c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
d. By diffusion
ANS: C
The transporter protein ATPase is directly related to sodium and potassium transport via active transpo
require energy and do not move passively, nor are they transported by diffusion. Enzymes, not electroly
channels.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output
TOP: Physiological Integrity
20. The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of whi
transport?
a. Biport
b. Uniport
c. Antiport
d. Symport
ANS: D
When ions are transported in one direction, it is termed symport. There is no such term as biport. Unipo
a single molecule. Antiport refers to the movement of molecules in the opposite direction.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output
TOP: Physiological Integrity
21. During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?
a. Endocytosis
b. Pinocytosis
c. Phagocytosis
d. Exocytosis
ANS: C
Phagocytosis (cell eating) involves the ingestion of large particles, such as bacteria, through the format
Endocytosis involves the formation of vesicles to facilitate movement into the cell. Pinocytosis is a typ
fluids and solute molecules are ingested through the formation of small vesicles. Exocytosis occurs whe
internalize ligand-receptor complexes in coated vesicles.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Endocytosis and Exocytosis
TOP: Physiological Integrity
Huether and McCances Understanding Pathophysiology 2nd Canadian Edition by Power Kean Stephanie Zettel,
Chapter 1-42
methods to reach the correct solution.Logical Reasoning: Mathematics is rooted in logical structures, and students are expected to demonstrate their ability to apply logic to prove statements or solve problems. This is espec
mathematics.Calculation and A
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. The student notices it to have supercoiled DNA wit
the student be expected to observe?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thu
observed. A prokaryotic cell contains a single circular chromosome and lacks organelles.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Nucleus TOP: Physiological Integrity
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing
absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to produce energy is respiration. Communication involves maintenance of a steady dy
metabolic absorption provides cellular nutrition, and secretion allows for the delivery or release of new
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Cellular Functions
TOP: Physiological Integrity
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
a. Peroxisomes
b. Ribosomes
c. The nucleolus
d. Suspended in nucleoplasm
ANS: D
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, is the nucleoplasm contained within the nucleus. T
within the nucleus, is largely composed of ribosomes. Peroxisomes contain digestive enzymes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Nucleus TOP: Physiological Integrity
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral membrane
bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the ou
Glycoproteins act as cell identifiers.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Membrane Composition
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Extracellular Matrix
TOP: Physiological Integrity
7. What type of connection allows for cellular communication?
a. Belt desmosome
b. Gap junction
c. Spot desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: B
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junction
communication.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Specialized Cells Junction
TOP: Physiological Integrity
prepares students for legal practice, with specializations that may include constitutional law, criminal law, corporate law, human rights law,
or intellectual property law.2.2. Structure of Law ExamsLaw
methods to reach the correct solution.Logical Reasoning: Mathematics is rooted in logical structures, and students are expected to demonstrate their ability to apply logic to prove statements or solve problems. This is espec
mathematics.Calculation and A
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighbouring alpha cells
of which of the following signalling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signalling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroy
case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve signal
local chemical mediator like insulin.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction
TOP: Physiological Integrity
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the react
not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Cellular Metabolism
TOP: Physiological Integrity
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which their muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete a
happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are involved in
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Role of Adenosine Triphosphate
TOP: Physiological Integrity
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
,13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
muscle performance?
a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobic glycolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
ANS: C
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The electron-transport chain is part of the ci
glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. It is not part of muscle performance.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Oxidative Phosphorylation
TOP: Physiological Integrity
prepares students for legal practice, with specializations that may include constitutional law, criminal law, corporate law, human rights law, or
intellectual property law.2.2. Structure of Law ExamsLaw
14. A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute from an
concentration. Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Active transport
ANS: B
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an area
concentration through a permeable membrane. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermea
of higher water concentration to one of lower concentration. Hydrostatic pressure is the force of fluid a
active transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
REF: Passive Transport: Diffusion, Filtration, and Osmosis TOP: Physiological Integrity
methods to reach the correct solution.Logical Reasoning: Mathematics is rooted in logical structures, and students are expected to demonstrate their ability to apply logic to prove statements or solve problem
mathematics.Calculation and A
15. Which description accurately describes electrolytes?
a. Small lipid-soluble molecules
b. Large protein molecules
c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP
d. Electrically charged molecules
ANS: D
Electrolytes are electrically charged molecules. They are not lipid soluble, they are not made up of prot
role in ATP production.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Electrolytes as Solutes
TOP: Physiological Integrity
16. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (co
determined by:
a. diffusion rate.
b. plasma proteins.
c. hydrostatic pressure.
d. the availability of membrane transporter proteins.
ANS: B
Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins. Diffusion involves the mov
Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel moving in opposition to oncotic pressure. Membrane t
involved in active transport within a concentration gradient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand
REF: Passive Transport: Diffusion, Filtration, and Osmosis TOP: Physiological Integrity
, 18. A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the inte
capillary. What mechanical force is involved with this movement?
a. Hydrostatic pressure
b. Osmosis
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport
ANS: A
Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of 25–30 mm Hg, which is sufficient force
capillary membranes into the interstitial space. Osmosis involves the movement of fluid from an area o
area of lower concentration. It does not involve pressure or force. Diffusion is the passive movement o
higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration. Active transport involves moveme
gradient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
REF: Passive Transport: Diffusion, Filtration, and Osmosis TOP: Physiological Integrity
prepares students for legal practice, with specializations that may include constitutional law, criminal law, corporate law, human rights law, or intellectual property law.2.2. Structure of Law ExamsLaw
methods to reach the correct solution.Logical Reasoning: Mathematics is rooted in logical structures, and students are expected to demonstrate their ability to apply logic to prove statements or solve proble
mathematics.Calculation and A
19. How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
a. By passive electrolyte channels
b. By coupled channels
c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
d. By diffusion
ANS: C
The transporter protein ATPase is directly related to sodium and potassium transport via active transpo
require energy and do not move passively, nor are they transported by diffusion. Enzymes, not electroly
channels.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output
TOP: Physiological Integrity
20. The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of whi
transport?
a. Biport
b. Uniport
c. Antiport
d. Symport
ANS: D
When ions are transported in one direction, it is termed symport. There is no such term as biport. Unipo
a single molecule. Antiport refers to the movement of molecules in the opposite direction.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output
TOP: Physiological Integrity
21. During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?
a. Endocytosis
b. Pinocytosis
c. Phagocytosis
d. Exocytosis
ANS: C
Phagocytosis (cell eating) involves the ingestion of large particles, such as bacteria, through the format
Endocytosis involves the formation of vesicles to facilitate movement into the cell. Pinocytosis is a typ
fluids and solute molecules are ingested through the formation of small vesicles. Exocytosis occurs whe
internalize ligand-receptor complexes in coated vesicles.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Endocytosis and Exocytosis
TOP: Physiological Integrity
