NURS 4221 Quiz 1 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
What are the three things a research design needs to fit with? - Answers 1. review of the
literature
2. conceptual/theoretical framework
3. question/hypothesis/aim
What are the key components of quantitative research design? - Answers Objectivity
Feasibility
Accuracy
Control
What are the 5 components of control? - Answers Sampling
Manipulation of variables
Data collection
Research setting
Confounding variables
What is the difference between random and convenience sampling? - Answers Random: each
member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. It has the most control, and
most unbiased. (random assignment is sample into groups)
Convenience: Whoever is available, cant guarantee homogeneity .
True/False Quantitative research tries to find the impact of one variable on another - Answers
True
What are some common examples of confounding variables? - Answers age
sex
weight
What is internal validity? - Answers the degree to which data in a study reflect a true cause-
effect relationship.
What is the difference between internal validity and confounding variables? - Answers
Confounding variables are the things that influence findings, whereas internal valididty is how
, well the researcher control those variables.
What is external validity? - Answers the degree to which the investigator can extend or
generalize a study's results to other subjects and situations.
List the types of quantitative designs - Answers Non-experimental, descriptive, correlational
Quasi-experimental
Experimental
Explain true experimental designs. - Answers - use random sampling
- test cause and effect
- compare group before and after.
List the 4 groups for Solomon groups - Answers 1. pretest, treatment, posttest
2. pretest, no treatment, posttest
3. treatment, posttest
4. No treatment, post test
True/False
Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment - Answers true
What are the disadvantages of quasi-experimental designs? - Answers Internal validity issues-
selection bias of participants, lower control over conditions, confounding variables.
List some types of non-experimental designs. - Answers Surveys
Descriptive
Exploratory
Comparative
Correlational
Developmental
What is a cross-sectional design? - Answers Examining a group of subjects simultaneously in
various stages of development, levels of education, severity of illness, or stages of recovery to
describe changes in a phenomenon across stages.
What is a longitudinal design? - Answers Collecting data from the same subjects at different
What are the three things a research design needs to fit with? - Answers 1. review of the
literature
2. conceptual/theoretical framework
3. question/hypothesis/aim
What are the key components of quantitative research design? - Answers Objectivity
Feasibility
Accuracy
Control
What are the 5 components of control? - Answers Sampling
Manipulation of variables
Data collection
Research setting
Confounding variables
What is the difference between random and convenience sampling? - Answers Random: each
member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. It has the most control, and
most unbiased. (random assignment is sample into groups)
Convenience: Whoever is available, cant guarantee homogeneity .
True/False Quantitative research tries to find the impact of one variable on another - Answers
True
What are some common examples of confounding variables? - Answers age
sex
weight
What is internal validity? - Answers the degree to which data in a study reflect a true cause-
effect relationship.
What is the difference between internal validity and confounding variables? - Answers
Confounding variables are the things that influence findings, whereas internal valididty is how
, well the researcher control those variables.
What is external validity? - Answers the degree to which the investigator can extend or
generalize a study's results to other subjects and situations.
List the types of quantitative designs - Answers Non-experimental, descriptive, correlational
Quasi-experimental
Experimental
Explain true experimental designs. - Answers - use random sampling
- test cause and effect
- compare group before and after.
List the 4 groups for Solomon groups - Answers 1. pretest, treatment, posttest
2. pretest, no treatment, posttest
3. treatment, posttest
4. No treatment, post test
True/False
Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment - Answers true
What are the disadvantages of quasi-experimental designs? - Answers Internal validity issues-
selection bias of participants, lower control over conditions, confounding variables.
List some types of non-experimental designs. - Answers Surveys
Descriptive
Exploratory
Comparative
Correlational
Developmental
What is a cross-sectional design? - Answers Examining a group of subjects simultaneously in
various stages of development, levels of education, severity of illness, or stages of recovery to
describe changes in a phenomenon across stages.
What is a longitudinal design? - Answers Collecting data from the same subjects at different
