TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON UPDATED!!!!

TESTBANK

FOR A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION

BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON UPDATED!!!




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,Chapter 1 Test A
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MULTIPLE CHOICE xx




INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from
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nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
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1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are
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working more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty
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years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man
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performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90
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minutes and growing.
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a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
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b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered
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unpleasant.
xx

d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
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e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing
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less.
xx




ANS: x x D PTS: x x x x 2

2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces
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other metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate
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blood pressure (which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in
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adults), heme production (which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also
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displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which
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diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
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Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" xx xx xx xx xx xx


a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
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b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. xx xx xx xx


c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical
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reactions.
xx

e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
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ANS: x x C PTS: x x x x 2

3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to
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choose the proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that
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extremes of emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of
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practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the
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capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
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David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice xx xx xx xx xx xx


a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
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b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue
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itself.
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c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
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d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
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e. Nonargument.
ANS: x x E PTS: x x x x 2

4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal
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1

, income tax and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing
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the amount these merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which
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increases the earnings of their employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus,
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it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which
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they live.
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a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they
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live.xx

b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers
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pay. xx

c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
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d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
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e. Nonargument.

ANS: x x A PTS: x x x x 2

5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
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arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more
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likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have
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received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in
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prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third
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less time for the same offenses than black women.
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Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." xx xx xx xx xx xx xx


a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
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b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
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d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
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e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in
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prison.
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ANS: x x B PTS: x x x x 2

6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are
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criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect
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unprotected PCs. Once a vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that
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assists them in committing identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online
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advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit pay-per-click ads.
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a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected
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PCs. xx

b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
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c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
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e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
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ANS: x x E PTS: x x x x 2

7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made
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through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere
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reflect the state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of
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comparison for planetologists.
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Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy xx xx xx xx xx


a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
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b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists.
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c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy.
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d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the
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, atmosphere.
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ANS: x x C PTS: x x x x 2

8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
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communities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of
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traditional medicines can be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will
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be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of
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tigers in the wild will be averted.
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a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned.
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c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. xx xx xx xx xx xx


d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not
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needed. xx

e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be
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averted. xx




ANS: x x A PTS: x x x x 2

9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need
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to understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How
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we feel, learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works
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and how neurons communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of
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human behavior and mental processing.
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Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction xx xx xx xx xx


a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the xx xx xx xx xx xx xx

neuron. xx

b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. xx xx xx xx xx


c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. xx xx xx xx xx xx xx


d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental xx xx xx xx xx xx xx

processing.
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e. Nonargument.
ANS: x x D PTS: x x x x 2

10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed
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of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties
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of living organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be
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crystallized and stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to
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invade cells and cause disease.
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Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations xx xx xx xx xx xx


a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few
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proteins. xx

b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope.
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d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause
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disease. xx

e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells.
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ANS: x x B PTS: x x x x 2

11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global
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warming problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by
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the wind down by 82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable
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progress as new photovoltaic cells have been developed to convert even greater amounts of
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sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs of wind and solar power are becoming
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