Praxis Family and Consumer Sciences
(5122) exam Study Guides questions and
answers.
Individuation is the process through which a person comes to think of himself or
herself as a distinct person despite being a member of a family. - n
`
Children at first identify entirely with the mores, norms, and values of their family; it
is only after prolonged exposure to other people outside the home that a child will
begin to question his or her upbringing and perhaps modify his or her belief system.
A fully individualized person is able to maintain a coherent personality without
renouncing membership in a family with which he or she may have some
disagreement.
Qs
Agrarian societies are more likely to live with their extended families. - n
Ans✔
An extended family is comprised of more than one adult couple. For instance, it
might include a man and a woman, their children, and their grandchildren. Agrarian
societies in which people tend the same land for their entire lives are more
conducive to the maintenance of the extended family. This is in part because it is
more difficult for a large group to move around together. In modern, industrial,
urban, and nomadic societies, it is more common for people to be grouped together
in nuclear families (one adult couple and their children)
Qs
Financial Stability is NOT necessary for a person to commit emotionally to a
marriage. - n
Ans✔
Despite money being a main issue for divorce, it is more important for partners to
have good self-esteem, empathy, a feeling of permanence in the relationship, and
strong personal identities. Solid marriages weather the inevitable hard times with a
mixture of humor, empathy, and habit. The idea of empathy is particularly
,important in marriage because it implies that each partner may not fully understand
the other. Nevertheless, a loving spouse with try to help whenever possible.
Qs
Having a child between the ages of 2 and 4 has little to no effect on job
satisfaction. - n
Ans✔
Research suggests that parents often feel some strain as they occupy multiple
roles, but this is offset by the enjoyment they derive from their work. Having a
newborn, on the other hand, has a noticeably damaging effect on job satisfaction.
The demands of caring for a newborn, as well as the desire to spend as much time
as possible with this new child, make it unpleasant to be away from home for any
reason. Flexible scheduling, high wages, and intellectual challenge are all directly
correlated with job satisfaction.
Qs
Accepting that the marriage is over is the first step a person should take after
divorce. - n
Ans✔
Psychologists estimate that it takes most people at least two years to accept
divorce entirely. Until this is reached, the divorcee should not initiate a new
relationship. The best way to complete the process of acceptance is to establish an
individual identity. This may include developing a balance between being single and
being a parent. It is appropriate to plan for the future, but people should be aware
that it is impossible to predict what they will want once they have fully processed
the finality of the divorce.
Qs
Sibling rivalry is most pronounced in same-sex siblings within three years of age. -
n
Ans✔
In the first eight to ten years of life, siblings tend to alternate between cooperation
and competition. As they grow older, they will often spend little time together for a
few years, but during adolescence will gradually develop empathy for one another.
Most research suggests that adult relationships between siblings simply exaggerate
the tone of the relationship of the youth; that is, good relationships get better and
bad relationships get worse.
,Qs
Married women typically earn a lower wage than single women. - n
Ans✔
This is an exception to the general trend, which is that married people are healthier,
wealthier, and more content than their single counterparts. Married men are less
likely to abuse alcohol and drugs, and less likely to become depressed. Married
women are healthier and more likely to report satisfaction with their home lives.
One reason why married women may earn less money is that they are more likely
to be raising children, and therefore less focused on professional development.
Despite reports about the decline of marriage, an overwhelming majority of
Americans will marry at least once during their lives.
Qs
Accepting a stepparent is hardest for adolescent girls. - n
Ans✔
The bond between a stepparent, particularly a stepfather, and an adolescent girl
takes the longest to form. One possible reason for this phenomenon is that
stepfathers tend to be less engaged with stepdaughters than with stepsons. The
effect of remarriage on children is much the same as divorce because it involves a
fundamental restructuring of the family concept. Nevertheless, stepparents who
work to engage with their stepchildren can develop positive relationships over time.
Qs
Both the content and the style of family communication are important. - n
Ans✔
The members of a family should work on communicating positively. The decisions
made by families tend to reinforce the status quo in the interest of conformity and
conflict avoidance. For reasons both genetic and environmental, the members of
families are likely to struggle with the same sorts of problems in life. Despite a
general tendency toward stability and consistency, families inevitably change in
response to the aging of each member and to pressures from the environment.
Finally, it is a central tenet of family science that it is impossible to understand a
family member without understanding the family as a whole.
Qs
According to John Gottman, humor is the best response to criticism by a spouse. - n
, Ans✔
When the criticized partner responds to criticism by deflecting or soothing the other
person, tempers are quelled and the partnership remains strong. Gottman's
research suggests that there is a classic pattern of degenerating communication in
an unsuccessful relationship. The pattern begins with criticism that is not directed
at a certain behavior, but at the other person as a whole. In other words, the
criticism of unsuccessful couples tends to lean toward character assassination.
Eventually, these negative interactions lead to contempt, in which one partner
openly disparages and disrespects the other. The inevitable response to contempt is
defensiveness, followed by stonewalling or a total lack of communication. When
couples stop communicating, the relationship is not likely to endure.
Qs
The greatest amount of variation between people of the same age is found during
early adolescence. - n
Ans✔
The onset of puberty may occur at any time over the span of five years, though it
typically occurs earlier in females than in males. The changes brought on by
puberty are monumental and can cause rapid changes in personality, physical
development, and emotional maturity. Teachers need to be aware of these
changes, particularly when working with middle-school children. Family and
consumer science teachers may need to act as liaisons between parents and their
children, as family relationships can become strained during early adolescence.
Qs
When two children have a dispute and agree to settle it according to their mother's
opinion, they are engaging in arbitration. - n
Ans✔
In arbitration, two conflicting parties agree to rely on the advice of a supposedly
impartial third party. Sometimes, the parties will also establish guidelines for the
way a decision is to be reached. In parenting, it can be difficult to settle a dispute
with arbitration, since children are unlikely to honor a decision that goes against
their interest. Conciliation is a method of settling disputes in which the conflicting
parties are simply asked to meet and converse, with the idea that a resolution will
naturally occur as a result of this meeting. In mediation, the conflicting parties
decide to enlist the aid of an impartial third party as they attempt to settle their
differences. The parties in mediation do not agree to follow the advice of the third
party. In negotiation, two parties try to agree on terms that are acceptable to both.
Negotiation in family life is a bit like compromise. A restorative justice system is
where the person who has been wronged gets some kind of compensation from the
(5122) exam Study Guides questions and
answers.
Individuation is the process through which a person comes to think of himself or
herself as a distinct person despite being a member of a family. - n
`
Children at first identify entirely with the mores, norms, and values of their family; it
is only after prolonged exposure to other people outside the home that a child will
begin to question his or her upbringing and perhaps modify his or her belief system.
A fully individualized person is able to maintain a coherent personality without
renouncing membership in a family with which he or she may have some
disagreement.
Qs
Agrarian societies are more likely to live with their extended families. - n
Ans✔
An extended family is comprised of more than one adult couple. For instance, it
might include a man and a woman, their children, and their grandchildren. Agrarian
societies in which people tend the same land for their entire lives are more
conducive to the maintenance of the extended family. This is in part because it is
more difficult for a large group to move around together. In modern, industrial,
urban, and nomadic societies, it is more common for people to be grouped together
in nuclear families (one adult couple and their children)
Qs
Financial Stability is NOT necessary for a person to commit emotionally to a
marriage. - n
Ans✔
Despite money being a main issue for divorce, it is more important for partners to
have good self-esteem, empathy, a feeling of permanence in the relationship, and
strong personal identities. Solid marriages weather the inevitable hard times with a
mixture of humor, empathy, and habit. The idea of empathy is particularly
,important in marriage because it implies that each partner may not fully understand
the other. Nevertheless, a loving spouse with try to help whenever possible.
Qs
Having a child between the ages of 2 and 4 has little to no effect on job
satisfaction. - n
Ans✔
Research suggests that parents often feel some strain as they occupy multiple
roles, but this is offset by the enjoyment they derive from their work. Having a
newborn, on the other hand, has a noticeably damaging effect on job satisfaction.
The demands of caring for a newborn, as well as the desire to spend as much time
as possible with this new child, make it unpleasant to be away from home for any
reason. Flexible scheduling, high wages, and intellectual challenge are all directly
correlated with job satisfaction.
Qs
Accepting that the marriage is over is the first step a person should take after
divorce. - n
Ans✔
Psychologists estimate that it takes most people at least two years to accept
divorce entirely. Until this is reached, the divorcee should not initiate a new
relationship. The best way to complete the process of acceptance is to establish an
individual identity. This may include developing a balance between being single and
being a parent. It is appropriate to plan for the future, but people should be aware
that it is impossible to predict what they will want once they have fully processed
the finality of the divorce.
Qs
Sibling rivalry is most pronounced in same-sex siblings within three years of age. -
n
Ans✔
In the first eight to ten years of life, siblings tend to alternate between cooperation
and competition. As they grow older, they will often spend little time together for a
few years, but during adolescence will gradually develop empathy for one another.
Most research suggests that adult relationships between siblings simply exaggerate
the tone of the relationship of the youth; that is, good relationships get better and
bad relationships get worse.
,Qs
Married women typically earn a lower wage than single women. - n
Ans✔
This is an exception to the general trend, which is that married people are healthier,
wealthier, and more content than their single counterparts. Married men are less
likely to abuse alcohol and drugs, and less likely to become depressed. Married
women are healthier and more likely to report satisfaction with their home lives.
One reason why married women may earn less money is that they are more likely
to be raising children, and therefore less focused on professional development.
Despite reports about the decline of marriage, an overwhelming majority of
Americans will marry at least once during their lives.
Qs
Accepting a stepparent is hardest for adolescent girls. - n
Ans✔
The bond between a stepparent, particularly a stepfather, and an adolescent girl
takes the longest to form. One possible reason for this phenomenon is that
stepfathers tend to be less engaged with stepdaughters than with stepsons. The
effect of remarriage on children is much the same as divorce because it involves a
fundamental restructuring of the family concept. Nevertheless, stepparents who
work to engage with their stepchildren can develop positive relationships over time.
Qs
Both the content and the style of family communication are important. - n
Ans✔
The members of a family should work on communicating positively. The decisions
made by families tend to reinforce the status quo in the interest of conformity and
conflict avoidance. For reasons both genetic and environmental, the members of
families are likely to struggle with the same sorts of problems in life. Despite a
general tendency toward stability and consistency, families inevitably change in
response to the aging of each member and to pressures from the environment.
Finally, it is a central tenet of family science that it is impossible to understand a
family member without understanding the family as a whole.
Qs
According to John Gottman, humor is the best response to criticism by a spouse. - n
, Ans✔
When the criticized partner responds to criticism by deflecting or soothing the other
person, tempers are quelled and the partnership remains strong. Gottman's
research suggests that there is a classic pattern of degenerating communication in
an unsuccessful relationship. The pattern begins with criticism that is not directed
at a certain behavior, but at the other person as a whole. In other words, the
criticism of unsuccessful couples tends to lean toward character assassination.
Eventually, these negative interactions lead to contempt, in which one partner
openly disparages and disrespects the other. The inevitable response to contempt is
defensiveness, followed by stonewalling or a total lack of communication. When
couples stop communicating, the relationship is not likely to endure.
Qs
The greatest amount of variation between people of the same age is found during
early adolescence. - n
Ans✔
The onset of puberty may occur at any time over the span of five years, though it
typically occurs earlier in females than in males. The changes brought on by
puberty are monumental and can cause rapid changes in personality, physical
development, and emotional maturity. Teachers need to be aware of these
changes, particularly when working with middle-school children. Family and
consumer science teachers may need to act as liaisons between parents and their
children, as family relationships can become strained during early adolescence.
Qs
When two children have a dispute and agree to settle it according to their mother's
opinion, they are engaging in arbitration. - n
Ans✔
In arbitration, two conflicting parties agree to rely on the advice of a supposedly
impartial third party. Sometimes, the parties will also establish guidelines for the
way a decision is to be reached. In parenting, it can be difficult to settle a dispute
with arbitration, since children are unlikely to honor a decision that goes against
their interest. Conciliation is a method of settling disputes in which the conflicting
parties are simply asked to meet and converse, with the idea that a resolution will
naturally occur as a result of this meeting. In mediation, the conflicting parties
decide to enlist the aid of an impartial third party as they attempt to settle their
differences. The parties in mediation do not agree to follow the advice of the third
party. In negotiation, two parties try to agree on terms that are acceptable to both.
Negotiation in family life is a bit like compromise. A restorative justice system is
where the person who has been wronged gets some kind of compensation from the
