NSG520 MODULE 1 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWER ||
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<RECENT VERSION>
1. Pathophysiology - ANSWER ✔ The study of functional or physiological
changes in the body that result from disease processes
2. Disease - ANSWER ✔ Deviation from the normal state of homeostasis or
health marked by specific signs and symptoms
3. Homeostasis - ANSWER ✔ maintenance of a stable internal environment
4. Etiology - ANSWER ✔ cause of disease (ex: congenital defects, inherited
disorder, microorganisms etc)
5. Diagnosis - ANSWER ✔ identification of a disease through evaluation of
signs, symptoms, labs, imaging etc.
6. Prognosis - ANSWER ✔ a prediction of the course of a disease/likelihood of
recovery
7. Signs - ANSWER ✔ objectively observed indicators of a disorder (fever,
rash, pallor)
,8. Symptoms - ANSWER ✔ Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by
the patient (nausea, pain, fatigue)
9. Primary prevention - ANSWER ✔ Preventing disease before it occurs,
vaccine
10.Secondary prevention - ANSWER ✔ Efforts to limit the effects of an injury
or illness that you cannot completely prevent, taking daily aspirin post MI
11.Tertiary prevention - ANSWER ✔ actions taken to contain damage once a
disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages, cardiac rehab
post MI
12.disuse atrophy - ANSWER ✔ when limb is placed in cast for a long time
13.senile atrophy - ANSWER ✔ chronic ischemia from decrease in blood to
brain
14.denervation atrophy - ANSWER ✔ peripheral neuropathies, less ER, less
mitochondria, less myofilaments
15.physiologic hypertrophy - ANSWER ✔ increased demand, stimulated by
hormones ex: Runner's heart
16.pathologic hypertrophy - ANSWER ✔ chronic hemodynamic overload from
hypertension
,17.compensatory hyperplasia - ANSWER ✔ enables organs to regenerate
18.hormonal hyperplasia - ANSWER ✔ estrogen dependent organs
19.leukocyte chemotaxis (C5a) - ANSWER ✔ chemical signaling that sends
WBCs to area of inflammation
20.cell lysis - ANSWER ✔ membrane attack complex, create pores in outer
membrane of cells or bacteria, water infuses into cell
21.extrinsic pathway of clotting system - ANSWER ✔ tissue factor TF is
released by damages endothelial cells in vessels
22.name for tissue factor - ANSWER ✔ tissue thromboplastin
23.intrinsic pathway of clotting system - ANSWER ✔ vessel wall damage
causes negatively charged subendothelial substances to come in contact w/
Hageman factor (factor VII)
24.steps of clotting system - ANSWER ✔ 1. thrombin activates fibrinogen to
form fibrin
2. fibrin forms fibrin clot
3. initiate formation of 2 fibrinopeptides
25.factor XIIa of kinin system activates: - ANSWER ✔ 1. prekallikrein
2. kallikrein
3. kininogen
, 4. bradykinin
26.protease inhibitors and carboxypeptidase - ANSWER ✔ inhibit complement
system
27.kininase and histaminase - ANSWER ✔ inhibit kinin system
28.clinical manifestations of cute inflammation - ANSWER ✔ 1. fever
2. leukocytosis
3. increase plasma proteins
29.Timolol - ANSWER ✔ Contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma,
severe COPD, sinus bradycardia, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, cardiac failure,
or cardiogenic shock.
30.Timolol Dosage - ANSWER ✔ 1 drop of 0.05% Timolol eye drops is the
same as 10mg timolol PO.
31.Timolol Mechanism - ANSWER ✔ Timolol is a beta1 and beta2 blocker.
32.Glucocorticoids - ANSWER ✔ Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, mainly
used for short-term treatment of many inflammatory disorders.
33.Glucocorticoids Function - ANSWER ✔ Natural hormones produced by the
adrenal cortex which affect carbohydrate metabolism and mineralocorticoids
that impact salt and water balance.
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWER ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Pathophysiology - ANSWER ✔ The study of functional or physiological
changes in the body that result from disease processes
2. Disease - ANSWER ✔ Deviation from the normal state of homeostasis or
health marked by specific signs and symptoms
3. Homeostasis - ANSWER ✔ maintenance of a stable internal environment
4. Etiology - ANSWER ✔ cause of disease (ex: congenital defects, inherited
disorder, microorganisms etc)
5. Diagnosis - ANSWER ✔ identification of a disease through evaluation of
signs, symptoms, labs, imaging etc.
6. Prognosis - ANSWER ✔ a prediction of the course of a disease/likelihood of
recovery
7. Signs - ANSWER ✔ objectively observed indicators of a disorder (fever,
rash, pallor)
,8. Symptoms - ANSWER ✔ Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by
the patient (nausea, pain, fatigue)
9. Primary prevention - ANSWER ✔ Preventing disease before it occurs,
vaccine
10.Secondary prevention - ANSWER ✔ Efforts to limit the effects of an injury
or illness that you cannot completely prevent, taking daily aspirin post MI
11.Tertiary prevention - ANSWER ✔ actions taken to contain damage once a
disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages, cardiac rehab
post MI
12.disuse atrophy - ANSWER ✔ when limb is placed in cast for a long time
13.senile atrophy - ANSWER ✔ chronic ischemia from decrease in blood to
brain
14.denervation atrophy - ANSWER ✔ peripheral neuropathies, less ER, less
mitochondria, less myofilaments
15.physiologic hypertrophy - ANSWER ✔ increased demand, stimulated by
hormones ex: Runner's heart
16.pathologic hypertrophy - ANSWER ✔ chronic hemodynamic overload from
hypertension
,17.compensatory hyperplasia - ANSWER ✔ enables organs to regenerate
18.hormonal hyperplasia - ANSWER ✔ estrogen dependent organs
19.leukocyte chemotaxis (C5a) - ANSWER ✔ chemical signaling that sends
WBCs to area of inflammation
20.cell lysis - ANSWER ✔ membrane attack complex, create pores in outer
membrane of cells or bacteria, water infuses into cell
21.extrinsic pathway of clotting system - ANSWER ✔ tissue factor TF is
released by damages endothelial cells in vessels
22.name for tissue factor - ANSWER ✔ tissue thromboplastin
23.intrinsic pathway of clotting system - ANSWER ✔ vessel wall damage
causes negatively charged subendothelial substances to come in contact w/
Hageman factor (factor VII)
24.steps of clotting system - ANSWER ✔ 1. thrombin activates fibrinogen to
form fibrin
2. fibrin forms fibrin clot
3. initiate formation of 2 fibrinopeptides
25.factor XIIa of kinin system activates: - ANSWER ✔ 1. prekallikrein
2. kallikrein
3. kininogen
, 4. bradykinin
26.protease inhibitors and carboxypeptidase - ANSWER ✔ inhibit complement
system
27.kininase and histaminase - ANSWER ✔ inhibit kinin system
28.clinical manifestations of cute inflammation - ANSWER ✔ 1. fever
2. leukocytosis
3. increase plasma proteins
29.Timolol - ANSWER ✔ Contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma,
severe COPD, sinus bradycardia, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, cardiac failure,
or cardiogenic shock.
30.Timolol Dosage - ANSWER ✔ 1 drop of 0.05% Timolol eye drops is the
same as 10mg timolol PO.
31.Timolol Mechanism - ANSWER ✔ Timolol is a beta1 and beta2 blocker.
32.Glucocorticoids - ANSWER ✔ Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, mainly
used for short-term treatment of many inflammatory disorders.
33.Glucocorticoids Function - ANSWER ✔ Natural hormones produced by the
adrenal cortex which affect carbohydrate metabolism and mineralocorticoids
that impact salt and water balance.
