STAAR Biology FULL REVIEW
Questions And All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
active transport - Answer movement of a substance across the plasma membrane against
the concentration gradient-requires the use of energy in the form of ATP
cell cycle - Answer events of cell division: components include interphase, mitosis and
cytokinesis
interphase - Answer resting stage of cell and preparation for mitosis; includes G 1
(duplication of organelles) S phase (replication of DNA) and G 2 (checking of replication)
mitosis - Answer In this part of the cell cycle process, chromosomes in a cell nucleus are
separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus.
prophase - Answer During this first mitotic stage, DNA is Packed or condenses into
chromosomes.
metaphase - Answer During this second mitotic stage, the cell's chromosomes align
themselves in the Middle of the cell.
anaphase - Answer During this third mitotic stage, chromosomes are pulled Apart and begin
moving to the cell poles.
telophase - Answer During this fourth mitotic stage, the daughter chromosomes arrive at the
poles and the cell starts to form Two new cells.
cytokinesis - Answer During this phase of cell cycle; the physical process of cell division
occurs. The cytoplasm of a parental cell divided into two daughter cells. -Chopped into two cells
cell differentiation - Answer process of specialization of cells for a particular function
cancer - Answer un-controlled cell division; creates tumors and interferes with normal cell
,isotonic - Answer concentration of surrounding solution and the cell are the same; the cell
will stay the SAME size
hypertonic - Answer surrounding solution has a GREATER concentration of solutes than the
cell; the cell will SHRINK (ex. salt water)
hypotonic - Answer The surrounding solution has a SMALLER concentration of solutes than
the cell; the cell will SWELL (ex. pure distilled water).
diffusion - Answer A type of passive transport of molecules, molecules move from a high to
low concentration; no energy required.
photosynthesis - Answer The process plants use to convert water, carbon dioxide and light
energy into glucose.
cellular respiration - Answer The process of breaking down glucose and other food
molecules in the presence of oxygen to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
mitochondria - Answer The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells where cellular
respiration takes place.
chloroplast - Answer The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells where
photosynthesis takes place.
ribosomes - Answer The cellular structure that is the site of translation - protein synthesis.
passive transport - Answer A type of transport where molecules move down a concentration
gradient from HIGH to LOW; no energy required.
replication - Answer DNA makes a copy of itself. The double helix unwinds and each strand
acts as a template for the next strand.
lytic - Answer A type of virus replication where DNA is injected in the host cell and the virus
replicates and burst the cell.
, capsid - Answer The protein coat that envelopes viral genetic material is known as a capsid.
virus - Answer A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of
other organisms.
concentration gradient - Answer The gradual difference in the
concentration of solutes in a solution
between two regions.
exocytosis - Answer A process by which a cell releases large amounts of material; type of
active transport.
endocytosis - Answer A process by which a cell takes material into the cell by folding in the
cell membrane; type of active transport.
G1 phase of cell cycle - Answer period of cell growth
S phase - Answer period during interface of the cell cycle when DNA replication
occurs
G2 phase - Answer cell prepares, or gets ready, for cell
division
nucleotide - Answer a monomer of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA- composed of a sugar,
phosphate, and nitrogenous base https://o.quizlet.com/i/A1fVwyW4kULiqLqB-7AU3w.jpg
DNA - Answer deoxyribonucleic acid; contains the code to make proteins
https://o.quizlet.com/pyi3gMgRCzrnBaUV043xHA.jpg
heredity - Answer the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next
generation https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7270/7530268758_7ea1e4db75.jpg
chromosome - Answer chromosome is a packaged and organized structure containing most
Questions And All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
active transport - Answer movement of a substance across the plasma membrane against
the concentration gradient-requires the use of energy in the form of ATP
cell cycle - Answer events of cell division: components include interphase, mitosis and
cytokinesis
interphase - Answer resting stage of cell and preparation for mitosis; includes G 1
(duplication of organelles) S phase (replication of DNA) and G 2 (checking of replication)
mitosis - Answer In this part of the cell cycle process, chromosomes in a cell nucleus are
separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus.
prophase - Answer During this first mitotic stage, DNA is Packed or condenses into
chromosomes.
metaphase - Answer During this second mitotic stage, the cell's chromosomes align
themselves in the Middle of the cell.
anaphase - Answer During this third mitotic stage, chromosomes are pulled Apart and begin
moving to the cell poles.
telophase - Answer During this fourth mitotic stage, the daughter chromosomes arrive at the
poles and the cell starts to form Two new cells.
cytokinesis - Answer During this phase of cell cycle; the physical process of cell division
occurs. The cytoplasm of a parental cell divided into two daughter cells. -Chopped into two cells
cell differentiation - Answer process of specialization of cells for a particular function
cancer - Answer un-controlled cell division; creates tumors and interferes with normal cell
,isotonic - Answer concentration of surrounding solution and the cell are the same; the cell
will stay the SAME size
hypertonic - Answer surrounding solution has a GREATER concentration of solutes than the
cell; the cell will SHRINK (ex. salt water)
hypotonic - Answer The surrounding solution has a SMALLER concentration of solutes than
the cell; the cell will SWELL (ex. pure distilled water).
diffusion - Answer A type of passive transport of molecules, molecules move from a high to
low concentration; no energy required.
photosynthesis - Answer The process plants use to convert water, carbon dioxide and light
energy into glucose.
cellular respiration - Answer The process of breaking down glucose and other food
molecules in the presence of oxygen to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
mitochondria - Answer The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells where cellular
respiration takes place.
chloroplast - Answer The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells where
photosynthesis takes place.
ribosomes - Answer The cellular structure that is the site of translation - protein synthesis.
passive transport - Answer A type of transport where molecules move down a concentration
gradient from HIGH to LOW; no energy required.
replication - Answer DNA makes a copy of itself. The double helix unwinds and each strand
acts as a template for the next strand.
lytic - Answer A type of virus replication where DNA is injected in the host cell and the virus
replicates and burst the cell.
, capsid - Answer The protein coat that envelopes viral genetic material is known as a capsid.
virus - Answer A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of
other organisms.
concentration gradient - Answer The gradual difference in the
concentration of solutes in a solution
between two regions.
exocytosis - Answer A process by which a cell releases large amounts of material; type of
active transport.
endocytosis - Answer A process by which a cell takes material into the cell by folding in the
cell membrane; type of active transport.
G1 phase of cell cycle - Answer period of cell growth
S phase - Answer period during interface of the cell cycle when DNA replication
occurs
G2 phase - Answer cell prepares, or gets ready, for cell
division
nucleotide - Answer a monomer of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA- composed of a sugar,
phosphate, and nitrogenous base https://o.quizlet.com/i/A1fVwyW4kULiqLqB-7AU3w.jpg
DNA - Answer deoxyribonucleic acid; contains the code to make proteins
https://o.quizlet.com/pyi3gMgRCzrnBaUV043xHA.jpg
heredity - Answer the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next
generation https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7270/7530268758_7ea1e4db75.jpg
chromosome - Answer chromosome is a packaged and organized structure containing most
