Biology – Cell Structure & Functions (Class 9–12 Notes)

The Building Blocks of
Comprehensive Notes on Classical & Modern Cell Th


Special Features:

 History & Discovery of Cells
 Classical Cell Theory
 Modern Cell Theory
 Cell Structure & Organelles
 Types of Cells (Plant, Animal, Bacteria)
 Differences Table & Summary
 Diagrams for Easy Understanding

,no Table of content
1 What is cell
2 History of cell classical and modern
3 Structure of cell
4 Organelle of cell
5 Types of cell
6 Cell division
6 Specialized cell and stem cell
8 Cell transport
9 Cell cycle

, Basic foundation of cell
What is cell?
A cell is the smallest living unit of all living organisms.
It is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
All living things like plants, animals, and humans are made up of cells.
Every cell has three main parts:
 Cell membrane
 Cytoplasm
 Genetic material (DNA)
Cells are the building blocks of life. Many cells join together to form tissues, tissues form o
make a complete organism.


History of cell
Classical cell theory
What is the history of classical cell theory and who discover cell and how?
History of cell divided in to 2 parts
 classical theory
 modern theory
in classical theory there are 5 scientist make cell classical history
 Robert Hooke
 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
 Matthias Schleiden
 Theodor Schwann
 Rudolf Virchow
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Robert Hooke discovery?
Robert Hooke was an English scientist.
In 1665, he examined a thin slice of cork using a compound microscope.
He observed small, box-like structures which looked like small rooms.