PSYCH 100 PSU SKATTEBO FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE!!
Definition of Psychology - (ANSWER)The science of mental behavior, it crosses disciplines of bio,
medicine, philosophy, and engineering
Two common misconceptions of psychology - (ANSWER)1. Many people think it is easy or common
sense
2. Many people think every psychologist is a clinical psychologist
Structuralism - (ANSWER)An early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener that used
introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind. Belief that structure is more important than
function
Functionalism - (ANSWER)An early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin,
explores how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt,
survive, and flourish
Natural Selection - (ANSWER)The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those
contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on succeeding generations
Behaviorism - (ANSWER)The view that psychology should...
1. be an objective science
2. study behavior without reference to mental processes
Most psychologists today agree with 1, but not 2.
Freudian Psychology - (ANSWER)Emphasized the way our unconscious thought processes and emotional
responses to childhood affect our behavior
Five subfields of Psychology - (ANSWER)1. Biological & Neuroscience
2. Cognitive
3. Developmental
,PSYCH 100 PSU SKATTEBO FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE!!
4. Social
5. Personality
Biological & Neuroscience Subfield - (ANSWER)Explores the link between the brain and the mind
Cognitive Subfield - (ANSWER)Explores how we perceive, think, and solve problems
Developmental Subfield - (ANSWER)Studies the changing abilities from womb to tomb (Largest portion
of the whole- 25%)
Social Subfield - (ANSWER)Explores how we view and affect one another
Personality Subfield - (ANSWER)Investigates traits related to stable behaviors
Step One of The Scientific Method - (ANSWER)Identify the problem/phenomenon
-applied research
Step Two of The Scientific Method - (ANSWER)Read/Develop a theory
-What has the research community already found out about this problem before?
-A theory is more general than a hypothesis
A good scientific theory - (ANSWER)A set of predictions, subject to change as our ability/observations
improve with time.
Step Three of The Scientific Method - (ANSWER)Formulate a Hypothesis
-Measure the independent and dependent variable
-What you predict the outcome to be based on the theory
, PSYCH 100 PSU SKATTEBO FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE!!
Operationalize - (ANSWER)Measure
Independent variable - (ANSWER)Influences change in the dependent variable
Dependent variable - (ANSWER)Depends on the action of the Independent variable
Hypothesis - (ANSWER)More specific than a theory, needs to include "why", makes a precise statement
Step Four of The Scientific Method - (ANSWER)Test Hypothesis Empirically (by experience)
-Balance control and generalize stability
Control - (ANSWER)Eliminate or reduce confounds
Confound - (ANSWER)A variable affecting the DV other than the IV
Generalizability - (ANSWER)The degree to which study results are relevant to the population of interest-
by using real-world participants and conditions
Situational Effects - (ANSWER)Confounds such as time, temperature, etc. that might affect the outcome.
We can control this by eliminating this confound, holding it constant, or random assignment.
Experimenter Bias - (ANSWER)Confound in which the experimenter's expectations influence the
outcome. We can control this by standardization.
Social Desirability - (ANSWER)Confound in which a participant tries to make himself appear better or fit
the expectation. We can control this by ensuring anonymity, mildly deceiving the participant with a
series of questions beforehand, or measuring personality.
Step Five of The Scientific Method - (ANSWER)Collect/ Analyze Data
LATEST UPDATE!!
Definition of Psychology - (ANSWER)The science of mental behavior, it crosses disciplines of bio,
medicine, philosophy, and engineering
Two common misconceptions of psychology - (ANSWER)1. Many people think it is easy or common
sense
2. Many people think every psychologist is a clinical psychologist
Structuralism - (ANSWER)An early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener that used
introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind. Belief that structure is more important than
function
Functionalism - (ANSWER)An early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin,
explores how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt,
survive, and flourish
Natural Selection - (ANSWER)The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those
contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on succeeding generations
Behaviorism - (ANSWER)The view that psychology should...
1. be an objective science
2. study behavior without reference to mental processes
Most psychologists today agree with 1, but not 2.
Freudian Psychology - (ANSWER)Emphasized the way our unconscious thought processes and emotional
responses to childhood affect our behavior
Five subfields of Psychology - (ANSWER)1. Biological & Neuroscience
2. Cognitive
3. Developmental
,PSYCH 100 PSU SKATTEBO FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE!!
4. Social
5. Personality
Biological & Neuroscience Subfield - (ANSWER)Explores the link between the brain and the mind
Cognitive Subfield - (ANSWER)Explores how we perceive, think, and solve problems
Developmental Subfield - (ANSWER)Studies the changing abilities from womb to tomb (Largest portion
of the whole- 25%)
Social Subfield - (ANSWER)Explores how we view and affect one another
Personality Subfield - (ANSWER)Investigates traits related to stable behaviors
Step One of The Scientific Method - (ANSWER)Identify the problem/phenomenon
-applied research
Step Two of The Scientific Method - (ANSWER)Read/Develop a theory
-What has the research community already found out about this problem before?
-A theory is more general than a hypothesis
A good scientific theory - (ANSWER)A set of predictions, subject to change as our ability/observations
improve with time.
Step Three of The Scientific Method - (ANSWER)Formulate a Hypothesis
-Measure the independent and dependent variable
-What you predict the outcome to be based on the theory
, PSYCH 100 PSU SKATTEBO FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
LATEST UPDATE!!
Operationalize - (ANSWER)Measure
Independent variable - (ANSWER)Influences change in the dependent variable
Dependent variable - (ANSWER)Depends on the action of the Independent variable
Hypothesis - (ANSWER)More specific than a theory, needs to include "why", makes a precise statement
Step Four of The Scientific Method - (ANSWER)Test Hypothesis Empirically (by experience)
-Balance control and generalize stability
Control - (ANSWER)Eliminate or reduce confounds
Confound - (ANSWER)A variable affecting the DV other than the IV
Generalizability - (ANSWER)The degree to which study results are relevant to the population of interest-
by using real-world participants and conditions
Situational Effects - (ANSWER)Confounds such as time, temperature, etc. that might affect the outcome.
We can control this by eliminating this confound, holding it constant, or random assignment.
Experimenter Bias - (ANSWER)Confound in which the experimenter's expectations influence the
outcome. We can control this by standardization.
Social Desirability - (ANSWER)Confound in which a participant tries to make himself appear better or fit
the expectation. We can control this by ensuring anonymity, mildly deceiving the participant with a
series of questions beforehand, or measuring personality.
Step Five of The Scientific Method - (ANSWER)Collect/ Analyze Data
