NOTES
Foundation & higher | exam focused
What You Need to Know
Percentage increase and decrease means changing an original amount by a given percentage.
Key Rules
Rule 1: Increase → add a percentage
Rule 2: Decrease → subtract a percentage
Rule 3: Use a multiplier for calculator questions
Formula / Key Facts:
Increase by x% → × (1 + x/100)
Decrease by x% → × (1 − x/100)
Worked Example
A simple worked example illustrating the key concepts.
Question: Increase £40 by 10%
Solution: 10% = 0.1 (1 + 0.1)
New amount = 40 x 1.1 = £44
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Step-by-Step Method
1. Step 1: Identify increase or decrease