NSG 251 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
Define |Pharmacology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |study |of |science |of |drugs
Chemical |name |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |name |that |describes |the |chemical |composition |
and |molecular |structure |of |a |drug
Generic |Name |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |official |or |non-dietary |name |that |is |given |by |the |
United |States |Adopted |Names |Council |*Never |Capitalized*
Trade |name |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Proprietary |name |given |by |the |company |that |
manufactures |the |medication |*Always |capitalized*
What |are |the |four |processes |involved |in |pharmacokinetics? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Absorption, |distribution, |metabolism, |excretion
Absorption: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |movement |of |a |drug |from |the |site |of |administration |
to |the |bloodstream |[ |Highly |dependent |upon |the |route |of |administration; |No |absorption |in |IV |
administration |b/c |it |goes |directly |into |blood]
What |affects |absorption? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Time |of |day, |PH |of |stomach, |form |of |drug |
preparation, |presence |of |food |in |the |stomach
Bioavailability |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Extent |of |the |drug |absorbed |for |a |given |drug |and |route
|(0-100%) |[Drug |passes |through |liver |and |smaller |amount |passes |into |circulation]
,First-Pass |effect: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Initial |metabolism |in |liver |of |a |drug |absorbed |from |
GI |tract |before |drug |reaches |systemic |circulation |through |bloodstream
High-first |pass |effect |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-High |formation |of |inactive |metabolites |in |the |
liver |- |Oral |drugs |have |bioavailability |of |less |than |100%, |Intravenous |drugs |have |100% |
bioavailability
Distribution: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |transport |of |a |drug |by |the |bloodstream |to |its |site |of
|action
In |distribution, |what |are |the |areas |of |rapid |distribution? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Heart, |liver, |
kidneys, |and |brain |[Areas |with |extensive |blood |supply]
Albumin: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Most |common |blood |protein |and |carries |majority |of |
protein-bound |drug |molecules
- |Decreased |albumin: |Burns, |malnourishment, |older |adult, |liver |dysfunction |--> |Increased |
toxicity |in |some |medications
- |If |a |drug |is |bound |to |protein |then |it |becomes |inactive
- |Less |albumin |= |more |free |drug |= |toxicity
Metabolism: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-[Also |referred |to |a |biotransformation] |The |biochemical |
alteration |of |a |drug |into |an |inactive |metabolite, |a |more |soluble |compound, |a |more |potent |
active |metabolite, |or |a |less |active |metabolite
What |is |the |organ |more |responsible |of |metabolism |of |drugs? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Liver
Cytochrome |P-450 |Enzyme |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Enzymes |that |control |a |variety |of |
reactions |that |aid |in |the |metabolism |of |drugs, |they |target |lipid-soluble |drugs |that |are |typically |
hard |to |eliminate; |they |are |responsible |for |metabolism |of |the |majority |of |medications
, Most |important |Cytochrome |P-450 |Enzyme? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-CYP |34A |- |Metabolize |
about |50% |of |medications
P-Glycoprotein |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Plasma |membrane |protein |that |transports |drugs |out |
of |cell
Excretion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Elimination |of |drugs |from |the |body
Primary |organ |responsible |for |excretion? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |kidney
Half-life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |time |required |for |one-half |(50%) |of |a |given |drug |to |be |
removed |from |the |body |[For |example, |if |the |peak |level |of |a |drug |is |100 |mg/L |and |the |
measured |drug |level |in |8 |hours |is |50 |mg/L, |then |the |estimated |half-life |of |that |drug |is |8 |
hours]
How |many |half-lives |until |most |drugs |are |considered |effectively |removed? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-5 |Half-lives |(97% |eliminated)
How |do |drugs |work |on |the |body? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |study |of |the |mechanisms, |biochemical |and |
physiologic |interactions |of |drugs |at |their |sites |of |activity, |in |tissues
Therapeutic |effect |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |positive |change |in |a |faulty |physiologic |system; |
Such |an |effect |is |the |goal |of |drug |therapy
Once |a |drug |is |at |the |site |of |action |what |can |it |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Modify |(increase |
or |decrease) |the |rate |of |cell |functions; |Modify |the |strength |of |function |of |the |cell |of |tissue
Answers
Define |Pharmacology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |study |of |science |of |drugs
Chemical |name |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |name |that |describes |the |chemical |composition |
and |molecular |structure |of |a |drug
Generic |Name |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |official |or |non-dietary |name |that |is |given |by |the |
United |States |Adopted |Names |Council |*Never |Capitalized*
Trade |name |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Proprietary |name |given |by |the |company |that |
manufactures |the |medication |*Always |capitalized*
What |are |the |four |processes |involved |in |pharmacokinetics? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Absorption, |distribution, |metabolism, |excretion
Absorption: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |movement |of |a |drug |from |the |site |of |administration |
to |the |bloodstream |[ |Highly |dependent |upon |the |route |of |administration; |No |absorption |in |IV |
administration |b/c |it |goes |directly |into |blood]
What |affects |absorption? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Time |of |day, |PH |of |stomach, |form |of |drug |
preparation, |presence |of |food |in |the |stomach
Bioavailability |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Extent |of |the |drug |absorbed |for |a |given |drug |and |route
|(0-100%) |[Drug |passes |through |liver |and |smaller |amount |passes |into |circulation]
,First-Pass |effect: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Initial |metabolism |in |liver |of |a |drug |absorbed |from |
GI |tract |before |drug |reaches |systemic |circulation |through |bloodstream
High-first |pass |effect |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-High |formation |of |inactive |metabolites |in |the |
liver |- |Oral |drugs |have |bioavailability |of |less |than |100%, |Intravenous |drugs |have |100% |
bioavailability
Distribution: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |transport |of |a |drug |by |the |bloodstream |to |its |site |of
|action
In |distribution, |what |are |the |areas |of |rapid |distribution? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Heart, |liver, |
kidneys, |and |brain |[Areas |with |extensive |blood |supply]
Albumin: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Most |common |blood |protein |and |carries |majority |of |
protein-bound |drug |molecules
- |Decreased |albumin: |Burns, |malnourishment, |older |adult, |liver |dysfunction |--> |Increased |
toxicity |in |some |medications
- |If |a |drug |is |bound |to |protein |then |it |becomes |inactive
- |Less |albumin |= |more |free |drug |= |toxicity
Metabolism: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-[Also |referred |to |a |biotransformation] |The |biochemical |
alteration |of |a |drug |into |an |inactive |metabolite, |a |more |soluble |compound, |a |more |potent |
active |metabolite, |or |a |less |active |metabolite
What |is |the |organ |more |responsible |of |metabolism |of |drugs? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Liver
Cytochrome |P-450 |Enzyme |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Enzymes |that |control |a |variety |of |
reactions |that |aid |in |the |metabolism |of |drugs, |they |target |lipid-soluble |drugs |that |are |typically |
hard |to |eliminate; |they |are |responsible |for |metabolism |of |the |majority |of |medications
, Most |important |Cytochrome |P-450 |Enzyme? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-CYP |34A |- |Metabolize |
about |50% |of |medications
P-Glycoprotein |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Plasma |membrane |protein |that |transports |drugs |out |
of |cell
Excretion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Elimination |of |drugs |from |the |body
Primary |organ |responsible |for |excretion? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |kidney
Half-life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |time |required |for |one-half |(50%) |of |a |given |drug |to |be |
removed |from |the |body |[For |example, |if |the |peak |level |of |a |drug |is |100 |mg/L |and |the |
measured |drug |level |in |8 |hours |is |50 |mg/L, |then |the |estimated |half-life |of |that |drug |is |8 |
hours]
How |many |half-lives |until |most |drugs |are |considered |effectively |removed? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-5 |Half-lives |(97% |eliminated)
How |do |drugs |work |on |the |body? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |study |of |the |mechanisms, |biochemical |and |
physiologic |interactions |of |drugs |at |their |sites |of |activity, |in |tissues
Therapeutic |effect |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |positive |change |in |a |faulty |physiologic |system; |
Such |an |effect |is |the |goal |of |drug |therapy
Once |a |drug |is |at |the |site |of |action |what |can |it |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Modify |(increase |
or |decrease) |the |rate |of |cell |functions; |Modify |the |strength |of |function |of |the |cell |of |tissue
