BIOL 251 Final Exam Review Questions With
Correct Answers
anatomy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-study |of |structure
physiology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-study |of |how |body |parts |function
level |of |structural |organization |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-chemical, |cellular, |tissue, |organ, |organ |
system, |organismal
11 |systems |of |the |human |body |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-integumentary, |skeletal, |muscular, |
nervous, |endocrine, |cardiovascular, |lymphatic, |respiratory, |digestive, |urinary, |reproductive
integumentary |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-skin, |hair, |nails
integumentary |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-protection, |body |temperature |regulation, |
insulation
skeletal |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-bones, |joints, |cartilage
skeletal |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-structure, |support, |body |movements
muscular |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-skeletal |muscle |tissue
muscular |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-movements, |produces |heat, |maintains |posture
,nervous |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-brain, |spinal |cord, |nerves, |sensory |organs |(eyes |
and |ears)
nervous |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-action |potentials, |regulates |body |activities, |detects |
changes |in |internal |and |external
endocrine |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-hormone |producing |glands |(pineal |gland, |
hypothalamus, |pituary |gland, |ovaries, |etc.)
endocrine |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-releasing |hormones |(chemical |messengers)
cardiovascular |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-blood, |heart, |blood |vessels
cardiovascular |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-pumping |blood, |helps |regulate |temperature |
and |water |content |of |body |fluids
lymphatic |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-lymphatic |fluid, |vessels, |spleen, |thymus, |
lymph |nodes, |and |tonsils
lymphatic |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-returns |proteins |and |fluids |to |the |blood, |carries |
lipids
respiratory |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-lungs, |trachea, |bronchial |tubes, |pharynx, |and
|larynx
respiratory |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-transfers |oxygen |from |inhaled |air |to |blood |and |
carbon |dioxide |from |blood |to |exhaled |air
,digestive |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-mouth, |pharynx, |esophagus, |stomach, |
intestines, |liver, |pancreas, |anus
digestive |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-achieves |physical |and |chemical |breakdown |of |
food, |absorbs |nutrients
urinary |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-kidneys, |ureters, |bladder, |urethra
urinary |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-produces, |stores, |and |eliminates |urine
reproductive |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-gonads, |uterine |tubes, |mammary |glands, |
etc.
reproductive |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-gonads |produce |gametes |to |help |form |a |new |
organism, |mammary |glands |produce |milk, |etc.
life |processes |in |humans |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-metabolism, |responsiveness, |movement, |
growth, |differentiation, |reproduction
homeostasis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |condition |of |equilibrium, |or |balance, |in |the |body's |
internal |environment
fluid |in |homeostasis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-extracellular |fluid
components |of |a |feedback |loop |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-stimulus, |receptor, |control |center, |
effector, |response
negative |feedback |loop |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |feedback |loop |that |causes |a |system |to |
change |in |the |opposite |direction |from |which |it |is |moving |(example: |change |in |blood |pressure)
, positive |feedback |loop |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |feedback |loop |in |which |change |in |a |system |
is |amplified |(example: |pregnancy)
tissue |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |group |of |cells |that |usually |have |a |common |embryonic |origin |
in |an |embryo |and |function |together |to |carry |out |specialized |activities
4 |basic |types |of |tissue |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-epithelial, |connective, |muscle, |nervous
cell |junctions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cells |that |are |held |together |in |a |variety |of |ways; |point |
of |contact |between |cells
tight |junctions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-adjacent |plasma |membranes |with |intercellular |space |
between; |stands |of |transmembrane |proteins |on |the |sides
adherens |junctions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-adjacent |plasma |membranes |with |microfilament |
(actin) |along |the |middle |with |plaque |in |between
desmosomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-adjacent |plasma |membranes |with |plaque |in |the |middle |
and |keratin |on |the |sides |(crazy |looking)
hemidesmosomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-attach |epithelial |cells |to |the |basement |membrane |
with |keratin |on |the |top
gap |junctions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-adjacent |plasma |membranes |with |connexons |and |gaps |
between
Correct Answers
anatomy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-study |of |structure
physiology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-study |of |how |body |parts |function
level |of |structural |organization |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-chemical, |cellular, |tissue, |organ, |organ |
system, |organismal
11 |systems |of |the |human |body |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-integumentary, |skeletal, |muscular, |
nervous, |endocrine, |cardiovascular, |lymphatic, |respiratory, |digestive, |urinary, |reproductive
integumentary |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-skin, |hair, |nails
integumentary |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-protection, |body |temperature |regulation, |
insulation
skeletal |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-bones, |joints, |cartilage
skeletal |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-structure, |support, |body |movements
muscular |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-skeletal |muscle |tissue
muscular |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-movements, |produces |heat, |maintains |posture
,nervous |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-brain, |spinal |cord, |nerves, |sensory |organs |(eyes |
and |ears)
nervous |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-action |potentials, |regulates |body |activities, |detects |
changes |in |internal |and |external
endocrine |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-hormone |producing |glands |(pineal |gland, |
hypothalamus, |pituary |gland, |ovaries, |etc.)
endocrine |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-releasing |hormones |(chemical |messengers)
cardiovascular |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-blood, |heart, |blood |vessels
cardiovascular |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-pumping |blood, |helps |regulate |temperature |
and |water |content |of |body |fluids
lymphatic |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-lymphatic |fluid, |vessels, |spleen, |thymus, |
lymph |nodes, |and |tonsils
lymphatic |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-returns |proteins |and |fluids |to |the |blood, |carries |
lipids
respiratory |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-lungs, |trachea, |bronchial |tubes, |pharynx, |and
|larynx
respiratory |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-transfers |oxygen |from |inhaled |air |to |blood |and |
carbon |dioxide |from |blood |to |exhaled |air
,digestive |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-mouth, |pharynx, |esophagus, |stomach, |
intestines, |liver, |pancreas, |anus
digestive |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-achieves |physical |and |chemical |breakdown |of |
food, |absorbs |nutrients
urinary |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-kidneys, |ureters, |bladder, |urethra
urinary |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-produces, |stores, |and |eliminates |urine
reproductive |components |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-gonads, |uterine |tubes, |mammary |glands, |
etc.
reproductive |functions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-gonads |produce |gametes |to |help |form |a |new |
organism, |mammary |glands |produce |milk, |etc.
life |processes |in |humans |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-metabolism, |responsiveness, |movement, |
growth, |differentiation, |reproduction
homeostasis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |condition |of |equilibrium, |or |balance, |in |the |body's |
internal |environment
fluid |in |homeostasis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-extracellular |fluid
components |of |a |feedback |loop |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-stimulus, |receptor, |control |center, |
effector, |response
negative |feedback |loop |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |feedback |loop |that |causes |a |system |to |
change |in |the |opposite |direction |from |which |it |is |moving |(example: |change |in |blood |pressure)
, positive |feedback |loop |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |feedback |loop |in |which |change |in |a |system |
is |amplified |(example: |pregnancy)
tissue |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |group |of |cells |that |usually |have |a |common |embryonic |origin |
in |an |embryo |and |function |together |to |carry |out |specialized |activities
4 |basic |types |of |tissue |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-epithelial, |connective, |muscle, |nervous
cell |junctions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cells |that |are |held |together |in |a |variety |of |ways; |point |
of |contact |between |cells
tight |junctions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-adjacent |plasma |membranes |with |intercellular |space |
between; |stands |of |transmembrane |proteins |on |the |sides
adherens |junctions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-adjacent |plasma |membranes |with |microfilament |
(actin) |along |the |middle |with |plaque |in |between
desmosomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-adjacent |plasma |membranes |with |plaque |in |the |middle |
and |keratin |on |the |sides |(crazy |looking)
hemidesmosomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-attach |epithelial |cells |to |the |basement |membrane |
with |keratin |on |the |top
gap |junctions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-adjacent |plasma |membranes |with |connexons |and |gaps |
between
