Link to lessons: h ps://www.dropbox.com/scl/fo/dwun1ablkwt9ehd2myvta/AGBrOBlZSNR2ZbGyoteE-HI?dl=0&e=2&preview=Class14_Big5_vs_MBTI_004.mp4&rlkey=i7j3pk5wmfmxxa70vlr96dudo&st=298djezo.
History
Psychological movements
- Emerged from philosophy: what does it mean to be human?
- Are humans pre-determined or are humans blank slates
- Where does the ‘mind’ exist?
- Dualism: in another parallel spirtual world
- Monism: somehwere in physical body…most likely in brain (if damage, lose some mind)
- Impulses relay info to the brain and this takes me, in someways, we are living in past :)
- Func onalism: what is the func on of process ____? Why?
- Fear is fast because it’s a protec on mechnism; emo ons rst then reasoning
- Structuralism: where is it happening
Behaviorism: How do organisms respond to di erent s muli
- Skinners conclusion: humans can be condi oned to like anything, Utopia: ppl condi on to job
- people can be trained to WANT to do it
- Cold War: thinks communists have learned the “wrong” things
- Can we make them unlearn?
- Goal: delete slate clean. Use behaviorism to erase all previous memory
- Method: Looped tape recording, drugs, sensory depriva on (mind simulates sensory)
- Results: slightly more suscep ble new ideas
- temporarily ‘unlearned’: have childlike behavior, forget who they are,
confused Dr. & nurses for mother & father
- Half unable to return to normal life
- Conclusion: Human is more than simulus, response, reward
ti tt ti ti ti tiff ti titi fi ti
, Demise of behaviorism
- Humans have innate dispoi ons, each of us have unique personaili es
1. Do animals born with blank slates? NO!
- Ins nctual dri : Organisms revert back to their natural ins ncts a er some me
- Behaviorists experiments, they stop once ins nctual dri happens bc de es their philophy
2. Language
- Language acquired too quickly for behaviorism to explain even say not to say bad word,
babies will s ll say it once they hear it
- Too crea vely, children know if something’s gramma cally correct but nonsensical
Social pyschology
A ribu on: Deciding what explains behavior
Situa onl-Disposi onal a ribu on theory (how we observe, analyze, explain others behavior)
- Internal causes: behave that way bc that’s who they are (personaility a ribu on)
- External causes: outside circumstances (situa onal a ribu on)
*Fudamental A ribu on error: default to put more weight on internal causes
- ex. Sales associate mean, assume they are mean rather than them having a bad day
Naiive realism: overcon dent in our interpreta ons
- “split brain”: ppl seperate corpus collusom
- only a ect 1 area, prevents seizure from spreading to other side of brain
- Right hemosphere, unconcious side, unable to verabilze
- Experiment: screen showed “go for a walk” to one eye , walk but dk why, made up a story
ttti tifftiti ti fttt ti ti fi tt ti ti ti ti titt titi ft ti ftti fi ttti ti
, Story telling:
- can be uninten onal: need a story to tell to feel comfortable
- Can be illogical: the get coke story: bc thirsty when in actuality bc saw prompt
- Overcon dent in our stories unless proven wrong
Types
A ribu on: statement abt-internal/situa onal-force for our/others behaviors (why? Bc bla bla)
- internal expects con nuity, external not
Stereotype: story on par cular social group
Impressions: start from stereotype, then get more speci c to persons
Scripts: expecta ons on what will happen (ex. In resturant be asked how many ppl)
Sel ood: how we expect ourselves to act
Terminology
Idea: Unorganized thoughts about social behavior
Theory: Organized set of principle, states how social behavior operates
Hypothesis: Statement of rela onship between 2 things
Predic on: asser on of what will happen in a par cular study
PSYC 102: Macro psychology (psyc 101 micro)
Instead of thinking “I want to avoid this thing”, think “I want to achieve this & that”.
ttfh titifi tititi ti ti ti ti ti fi
, Variable:
- conceptual: What is it (theory & hypothesis: I think that is related to this)
- Opera onal: How did you measure/manipulate it (predic on: If I do this, that will happen)
Rela onship between variable:
1. Posi ve: as one increases, so does other
2. Nega ve: as one increases, other decreases
3. No rela onship: as one increases, the other stays same
Two ways of studying rela onship
Non-experimental method:
- Natural behavior, no interference (ex. Tendency to li er)
- Some variables can’t be manipulated (ex. Height)
- Great predic on bc simlar to real world
- BAD: no interference = no control
Experimental method:
- High control, observe small a ects
- BAD: unrealis c
Independent variable: “cause” , thing we changed
Dependent: “e ect”, thing we measure
During experiment:
- need to make sure there IS rela onship between variables
- Must manipulate IV rst, then measure DV (Temporal precedence)
- Make sure it is IV a ec ng DV
Confound: variable that researchers manipulate that’s not directly related to hypothesis
- Experimental control & Randomiza on
titititi titiff fffi ti ti ff ti ti tt ti
History
Psychological movements
- Emerged from philosophy: what does it mean to be human?
- Are humans pre-determined or are humans blank slates
- Where does the ‘mind’ exist?
- Dualism: in another parallel spirtual world
- Monism: somehwere in physical body…most likely in brain (if damage, lose some mind)
- Impulses relay info to the brain and this takes me, in someways, we are living in past :)
- Func onalism: what is the func on of process ____? Why?
- Fear is fast because it’s a protec on mechnism; emo ons rst then reasoning
- Structuralism: where is it happening
Behaviorism: How do organisms respond to di erent s muli
- Skinners conclusion: humans can be condi oned to like anything, Utopia: ppl condi on to job
- people can be trained to WANT to do it
- Cold War: thinks communists have learned the “wrong” things
- Can we make them unlearn?
- Goal: delete slate clean. Use behaviorism to erase all previous memory
- Method: Looped tape recording, drugs, sensory depriva on (mind simulates sensory)
- Results: slightly more suscep ble new ideas
- temporarily ‘unlearned’: have childlike behavior, forget who they are,
confused Dr. & nurses for mother & father
- Half unable to return to normal life
- Conclusion: Human is more than simulus, response, reward
ti tt ti ti ti tiff ti titi fi ti
, Demise of behaviorism
- Humans have innate dispoi ons, each of us have unique personaili es
1. Do animals born with blank slates? NO!
- Ins nctual dri : Organisms revert back to their natural ins ncts a er some me
- Behaviorists experiments, they stop once ins nctual dri happens bc de es their philophy
2. Language
- Language acquired too quickly for behaviorism to explain even say not to say bad word,
babies will s ll say it once they hear it
- Too crea vely, children know if something’s gramma cally correct but nonsensical
Social pyschology
A ribu on: Deciding what explains behavior
Situa onl-Disposi onal a ribu on theory (how we observe, analyze, explain others behavior)
- Internal causes: behave that way bc that’s who they are (personaility a ribu on)
- External causes: outside circumstances (situa onal a ribu on)
*Fudamental A ribu on error: default to put more weight on internal causes
- ex. Sales associate mean, assume they are mean rather than them having a bad day
Naiive realism: overcon dent in our interpreta ons
- “split brain”: ppl seperate corpus collusom
- only a ect 1 area, prevents seizure from spreading to other side of brain
- Right hemosphere, unconcious side, unable to verabilze
- Experiment: screen showed “go for a walk” to one eye , walk but dk why, made up a story
ttti tifftiti ti fttt ti ti fi tt ti ti ti ti titt titi ft ti ftti fi ttti ti
, Story telling:
- can be uninten onal: need a story to tell to feel comfortable
- Can be illogical: the get coke story: bc thirsty when in actuality bc saw prompt
- Overcon dent in our stories unless proven wrong
Types
A ribu on: statement abt-internal/situa onal-force for our/others behaviors (why? Bc bla bla)
- internal expects con nuity, external not
Stereotype: story on par cular social group
Impressions: start from stereotype, then get more speci c to persons
Scripts: expecta ons on what will happen (ex. In resturant be asked how many ppl)
Sel ood: how we expect ourselves to act
Terminology
Idea: Unorganized thoughts about social behavior
Theory: Organized set of principle, states how social behavior operates
Hypothesis: Statement of rela onship between 2 things
Predic on: asser on of what will happen in a par cular study
PSYC 102: Macro psychology (psyc 101 micro)
Instead of thinking “I want to avoid this thing”, think “I want to achieve this & that”.
ttfh titifi tititi ti ti ti ti ti fi
, Variable:
- conceptual: What is it (theory & hypothesis: I think that is related to this)
- Opera onal: How did you measure/manipulate it (predic on: If I do this, that will happen)
Rela onship between variable:
1. Posi ve: as one increases, so does other
2. Nega ve: as one increases, other decreases
3. No rela onship: as one increases, the other stays same
Two ways of studying rela onship
Non-experimental method:
- Natural behavior, no interference (ex. Tendency to li er)
- Some variables can’t be manipulated (ex. Height)
- Great predic on bc simlar to real world
- BAD: no interference = no control
Experimental method:
- High control, observe small a ects
- BAD: unrealis c
Independent variable: “cause” , thing we changed
Dependent: “e ect”, thing we measure
During experiment:
- need to make sure there IS rela onship between variables
- Must manipulate IV rst, then measure DV (Temporal precedence)
- Make sure it is IV a ec ng DV
Confound: variable that researchers manipulate that’s not directly related to hypothesis
- Experimental control & Randomiza on
titititi titiff fffi ti ti ff ti ti tt ti
